Which of the following compounds has the lowest boiling point?()
A. 1-butanol
B. butanoic acid
C. butanenitrile
D. methyl propanoate
E. butanamide
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In nucleophilic acyl substitution,()
A. protonation of the carbonyl is followed immediately by loss of the leaving group.
B. loss of the leaving group is followed by rearrangement of the carbocation.
C. addition to the carbonyl by a nucleophile is followed by loss of the leaving group.
D. ester hydrolysis is followed by deprotonation.
E. an SN2 reaction occurs.
Acetyl chloride undergoes nucleophilic substitution at a faster rate than methyl acetate because ________.()
A. the ester is more sterically hindered than the acid chloride
B. the acid chloride is more sterically hindered than the ester
C. the methoxide is a better leaving group than chloride
D. esters hydrolyze faster than acid chlorides
E. chloride is a better leaving group than methoxide
Typically, amides will hydrolyze under ________ conditions than esters.()
A. milder
B. more dilute
C. more vigorous
D. less vigorous
E. more saline
Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on ________.()
A. alcohols
B. acid anhydrides
C. carboxylates
D. carboxylic acids
E. acid chlorides
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