题目内容
English and English Community 1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language．The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese． 2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities．The people who make up the community share a common language．Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊)，a village，or a city．More often they form a whole country．National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community．A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live． 3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community．For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on． 4 Learning a second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind．The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture；a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel．Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage． Paragraph 3（）
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第三篇 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe．As a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages． When Nightingale was 17，she told her family that she was going to help sick people．Her parents did not approve，but Nightingale was determined． She traveled to hospitals all over Europe．She saw that doctors were working too hard．She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care．Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people． Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more，they needed special training in how to take care of sick people．Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing．Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness．These women cared for sick people in their homes． In 1854．England was fighting a war with Russia．№reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded．People demanded that something be done about it．A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals．So，in November 1 854，Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital． She took along 3 8 nurses whom she had trained herself． At first．the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals．They did not believe that women could help．But in fact，the nurses did make a difference．They worked around the clock，tending the sick．Thanks to their hard work，many wounded soldiers survived． After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated 1ike heroes．。Finally，in 1 860，she started the Nightingale School for Nurses．In time，thanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing became an important part of medicine． Nightingale played a great role in（）
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