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第三篇 Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born in Florence，Italy，while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe．As a child，she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages． When Nightingale was 17，she told her family that she was going to help sick people．Her parents did not approve，but Nightingale was determined． She traveled to hospitals all over Europe．She saw that doctors were working too hard．She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care．Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people． Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more，they needed special training in how to take care of sick people．Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing．Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness．These women cared for sick people in their homes． In 1854．England was fighting a war with Russia．№reporters wrote about the terrible conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded．People demanded that something be done about it．A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals．So，in November 1 854，Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital． She took along 3 8 nurses whom she had trained herself． At first．the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals．They did not believe that women could help．But in fact，the nurses did make a difference．They worked around the clock，tending the sick．Thanks to their hard work，many wounded soldiers survived． After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated 1ike heroes．。Finally，in 1 860，she started the Nightingale School for Nurses．In time，thanks to Florence Nightingale，nursing became an important part of medicine． Nightingale played a great role in（）
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第二篇 A Desert Between Paul and Clara Paul had long promised to marry Clara．But at thirtythee he met and married Alice．Clara was driven mad． Paul was taken to court．The judge ordered him to pay Clara$600 because of the broken promise．Paul had to borrow the money from a moneylender．He agreed to pay back$5 a month—for twenty years．His wages at the time were$16 a month． Paul and Alice were poor but not unhappy．They had little enough food，certainly，even before the children began to arrive．Each month Paul paid$5 to the moneylender．He worked hard, never taking a holiday．In time，there were seven mouths to feed． Illness was always with them．It grew serious when the oldest child was eight．The years of hunger weakened the family, because each month Paul paid$5．The details of the sickness were ugly, but the result was this：after twelve years of family life，Paul was alone in the world. He lived alone．except for memories．Work was not now a god for him：it was a pain-killer．Each month he paid，and in time the twenty years ended．From that moment his wages were his own． One day, It was a holiday went to the seaside．He sat down on a seat by the sea．A middle．aged woman came and sat down near him．They recognized each other at once. The woman said．“The$600 has been in the bank since the day it was paid to me．It is now $6，000，and I have kept it for you．Will you let me share it with you” “No，”said Paul，gently．“Each thousand is a lost life in a desert between us. It can never bring any happiness．” After his wife and children died，Paul turned to his work to（）
第一篇 U．S．Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer Death rates for cancer are falling for all Americans，but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites，the American Cancer Society said Monday． In a special report on cancer and blacks．the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites．and they are more likely to die of the disease．This could be because of unequal(不平等的)access to medical care，because blacks are more likely to have other diseases as well，and perhaps because of differences in the biology(生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added． “In general，black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,”the report said． “In describing cancer statistics for black Americans，this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care．” The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check—ups(体格检查)earlier, when cancer is more treatable，and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role． “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts，”the organization said in a statement． But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates．“Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992，as have incidence rates(发生率)，”said the report． Since 1 992，cancer death rates among black Americans（）
What Is Cancer Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells．Cells are the very small units that make up all (51) things，including the human body．There are billions of cells (52) each person’s body．Cancer happens when cells that are not normal grow (53) spread very fast．Normal body cells grow and divide and know when to stop growing．Over time，they also die. (54) these normal cells，cancer cells just continue to grow and divide out of control and don’t die．Cancer cells usually group together to form tumors(肿瘤)． A growing tumor becomes a lump of cancer cells (55) can destroy the normal cells around the (56) and damage the body’s healthy tissues．This can make someone very (57) Sometimes cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel to other areas of the (58) where they keep growing and can go on to form new tumors．This is how cancer(59) The spread of a tumor to a new place in the body is(60) metastasis(转移)． People with cancer may feel pretty sick at times—but Call usually still do lots of normal things (61) they are very sick，kids and teenagers with cancer may still be able to go to school．They may be tired Or bruise(出现青肿)easily，but they (62) sometimes go to camp，movies，and sleepover(在外过夜的)parties．People with cancer still like the same things they did (63) they got sick． Cancer in kids is rare—but today, many kids who do get cancer go on living normal lives．The number of kids who beat cancer goes(64) every year because of new cancer treatments．So a lot of kids with cancer will some day drive cars，go to college，have careers，and even get (65) and have families of their own． 63（）
“李斯被诬案”是统一的封建王朝以（）罪处死权臣的早期例证。
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