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TextThe American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a high material standard of living. It is not surprising, (1) , that Americans have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is widespread in the United States (2) the more schooling people have, the more money they will (3) when they leave school. The belief is strongest (4) the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a (5) degree such as medicine or law (6) the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in (7) such as art, history, or philosophy is not (8) great.This belief in the monetary value of education is (9) by research outcomes on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimates that in the (10) of a lifetime a man (11) a college school diploma in 1972 could earn about $380,000 more than a man who (12) had a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain survey (13) which showed that Americans who (14) they had lived their lives differently in some way regretted (15) of all that they did not get more education. The regret is (16) by those who have made (17) to the top and by those who have not. (18) a man like Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, a nationally known and successful leader, was (19) by regrets that he did not climb higher on the (20) ladder. 12（）
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Text 1During the past fifteen years a great deal of attention has been given to "letting it all hang out." My impression is that this over-zealous devotion to speaking one’s mind has more often led to hurt feelings and mined relationships than to great joy and fulfillment.I think we generally agree that holding in real feelings and never expressing less-than-lovely thoughts about each other hardly lead to constructive communication. It’s a great relief to allow ourselves the luxury of admitting our human weaknesses and pursuing more honest relationships with others. But we need to strike a balance between telling it all and telling nothing.Recently I received a letter from a mother who had been persuaded by her troubled twenty-five-year-old son to attend a weekend "troth" marathon with him. Under pressure from the group, her defenses collapsed and she heard herself telling her son for the first time that he had been an accident—that she hadn’t been planning to have a child. He in turn told her that he couldn’t recall a single day in his childhood that he’d been happy."At that time," this woman wrote, "it seemed helpful. We cried and we made up; I thought telling the truth had been good for us. But the trouble is, it wasn’t the whole truth. By the time Tommy was born, I did want him, and at times he was happy. Ever since that day, we’ve both been disturbed by some terrible feelings we shared."I must admit we’ve come to the conclusion that some things are better left unsaid. Honesty is a fine policy as long as we know what the truth really is—but most of the time we don’t. It’s a fine goal to encourage children to express their real feelings. But we need a new sense of balance. Telling it all is not a cure-all for every problem nor even an end in itself. It’s useful and freeing under some circumstances and terribly hurtful and damaging under others.It’s a good idea, I think, to bite your tongue for ten or fifteen minutes before saying what’s on your mind. Try to decide whether it’s going to open up new and better avenues of communication or leave wounds that may never heal. The author suggests that we should （）.
Questions15 to18 are based on a dialogue about traveling in Europe. How did the Japanese woman travel on a five-day tour around Europe？（）
简述确定广告预算的三种方式。
Text 3Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the iii person or one of his relatives will employ a medical man called a "singer" to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the "singer" will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho Hogan. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the "singer" will rub the sick or injured parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sandpainting is destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sandpainting is handed down from old "singers" to their students. The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is milled into flour. The "singer" holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefingers onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow copying of sandpaintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft. The fact that reproductions of sandpaintings are now commercially available shows that （）.
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