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You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University More and more people are mining to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors (骗子)", another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright (彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century--that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name oh a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper. This passage implies that ______.
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Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel (67) the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other (68) of transport. These (69) make it possible for boats to travel (70) ports along the coast without being (71) to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their (72) a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not (73) on the coast; still other canals (74) lands where there is too much water, help to (75) fields where there is not enough water, and (76) water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal. (77) on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to (78) each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water (79) the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first (80) through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a (81) of strange bluegreen lines. These were called "canals" (82) they looked the same as canals on earth (83) are viewed from an airplane. However, scientists are now (84) that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs (85) from space-ships have helped us to (86) the truth about the Martian "canals".
Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel (67) the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other (68) of transport. These (69) make it possible for boats to travel (70) ports along the coast without being (71) to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their (72) a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not (73) on the coast; still other canals (74) lands where there is too much water, help to (75) fields where there is not enough water, and (76) water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal. (77) on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to (78) each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water (79) the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first (80) through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a (81) of strange bluegreen lines. These were called "canals" (82) they looked the same as canals on earth (83) are viewed from an airplane. However, scientists are now (84) that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs (85) from space-ships have helped us to (86) the truth about the Martian "canals".
Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used--what a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a th6usand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra. Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole. One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out. the influence of the electronic media--radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ______.
Today, most countries in the world have canals. Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel (67) the coast. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other (68) of transport. These (69) make it possible for boats to travel (70) ports along the coast without being (71) to the dangers of the open. Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their (72) a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not (73) on the coast; still other canals (74) lands where there is too much water, help to (75) fields where there is not enough water, and (76) water power for factories and mills. The size of a canal. (77) on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to (78) each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water (79) the keel of the largest boat using the canal. When the planet Mars was first (80) through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was crises-crossed by a (81) of strange bluegreen lines. These were called "canals" (82) they looked the same as canals on earth (83) are viewed from an airplane. However, scientists are now (84) that the Martian phenomena are really not canals. The photographs (85) from space-ships have helped us to (86) the truth about the Martian "canals".
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