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Text 2 Mobile Phone Maimers Mobile phones have changed the way we communicate (交流); they have also brought about problems in phone manners (礼仪). Gaik Lim, a Singapore-based advisor, has some advice on phone manners. When dealing with missed calls, the person being called should return the call. “Calls should be returned as soon as possible, and no later than the following day. Anything later than that, and an apology or a reason for the delay should go with the call.” Text messages should be kept short and to the point. If they go beyond four or five lines, call or e-mail instead. “The use of short forms should be among family members and friends, never in a business situation.” Speak in a low voice as if you were talking to someone next to you. If the connection is bad, don’t raise your voice in order to be heard, simply move to another place where the connection may be better. And if that doesn’t work, tell the caller to call you back or offer to call at a later time. When a conversation is cut off due to a bad connection, the person who started the conversation should call back. “It may be inconvenient for the other person to return the call, especially if it’s an unlisted number, or an overseas call.” When running late for a date or meeting, it is acceptable to text to inform that you’ll be delayed. Messages should be apologetic. “A message like ‘Sorry. Will be about 30 minutes late due to flight delay’ is considered polite and thoughtful.” Taking calls during meetings is only acceptable if you have informed the chairperson that you are expecting an urgent (紧急的) call. If you get an unexpected but urgent call, apologize to those present and offer a quick explanation as to why you have to take that call. Then leave the room to continue your phone conversation. What should one do if he’s got an urgent call during a meeting（）
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Text 3 Samuel H. Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. This finding shows the change in lifestyles (生活方式) and duties of aging Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents some time after their own children have grown up. Because Americans are living longer than ever, more researchers and social workers have begun to study care giving to improve care of the elderly. When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use community (社区) services, such as adult (成人) daycare centres. If the care givers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other business. However, the wife of an elderly person is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discovered that the reason for this difference was fear of becoming poor. An ill elderly person may live for years, and medical care and nursing homes are very expensive. An elderly couple’s savings can disappear very quickly. The other half, usually the wife, can be left in poor living conditions. As a result, she often tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can. What would be the best title for the text（）
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Text 4 British scientists have been given £ 1 million by the European Commission to find out if a robot (机器人) can safely be employed to stir (搅拌) soup. The research, based at the Bristol Robotics Lab (BRL), will look at the problems of a human and a robot working together in the same space; for example, in a kitchen where the service robot is performing a task such as stirring soup while you add cream. Professor Chris Melhuish explained, “When we work with other humans, we are trying to understand facial expression, body movements, quality of voice, as well as sharing a goal and understanding and following spoken instructions.” “For example, in the soup situation, not only does the robot need to know what the goal is (making the soup)but he also needs to know how hard to stir the soup, what it means when you hold up your hand to say enough ^ to understand the look of pain on your face if you accidentally get wet with hot soup, and to stop stirring when told. The research aims to develop the rules we need to introduce this level of cleverness into service robots who are working closely with people.” Professor Melhuish, of the BRL, said robots working in factories at present are kept behind gates for safety reasons一a measure that is not practical in the kitchen. The research is a joint effort between robotic engineers and scientists from West of England and Bristol universities. We can infer from the text that robots now （）
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