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Text 3 Samuel H. Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. This finding shows the change in lifestyles (生活方式) and duties of aging Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents some time after their own children have grown up. Because Americans are living longer than ever, more researchers and social workers have begun to study care giving to improve care of the elderly. When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use community (社区) services, such as adult (成人) daycare centres. If the care givers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other business. However, the wife of an elderly person is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discovered that the reason for this difference was fear of becoming poor. An ill elderly person may live for years, and medical care and nursing homes are very expensive. An elderly couple’s savings can disappear very quickly. The other half, usually the wife, can be left in poor living conditions. As a result, she often tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can. What would be the best title for the text（）
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Text 4 British scientists have been given £ 1 million by the European Commission to find out if a robot (机器人) can safely be employed to stir (搅拌) soup. The research, based at the Bristol Robotics Lab (BRL), will look at the problems of a human and a robot working together in the same space; for example, in a kitchen where the service robot is performing a task such as stirring soup while you add cream. Professor Chris Melhuish explained, “When we work with other humans, we are trying to understand facial expression, body movements, quality of voice, as well as sharing a goal and understanding and following spoken instructions.” “For example, in the soup situation, not only does the robot need to know what the goal is (making the soup)but he also needs to know how hard to stir the soup, what it means when you hold up your hand to say enough ^ to understand the look of pain on your face if you accidentally get wet with hot soup, and to stop stirring when told. The research aims to develop the rules we need to introduce this level of cleverness into service robots who are working closely with people.” Professor Melhuish, of the BRL, said robots working in factories at present are kept behind gates for safety reasons一a measure that is not practical in the kitchen. The research is a joint effort between robotic engineers and scientists from West of England and Bristol universities. We can infer from the text that robots now （）
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