Question 5问题5The "Fundamental Cognitive Error," which we introduced last week in Episode 2, has which of the following components?上周在第二章介绍的“基本认知错误”有以下那些构成？
A. The sum of our perception is shaped by the sum of our experiences, and we think there's a one-to-one relationship between the way we perceive and the way they really are.我们的认知是由我们的经历形成的，并且我们认为我们对事物的认知和他们真正的样子之间是一对一相对应的关系。
B. We underestimate how much our beliefs and theories contribute to our observations and judgements, and we don't realise how many other ways they could have been interpreted.我们低估了我们的信念、理论对我们的观察、判断的影响。我们也没有意识到他们还有许多不同的阐释方式。
C. Our memories can be distorted, and with the constant flow of this misinformation, it's hard to even recognize that you've made an interpretation.我们的记忆可以被曲解，伴随着持续的错误信息，你很难意识到你已经有了不同的解读。
D. It doesn't make sense to talk about things objectively as seeing objects and events as they are in the world. Seeing, hearing, and remembering all involve considerable knowledge of the world.像看到真实存在在世界上地物体、事件一样客观地谈论事情是不合理地。看、听、记住都涉及到关于世界地大量知识。
E. Our exceptional pattern-recognition abilities are shaped by general and specific expectations – particularly for faces.我们的模式识别能力是由一般和特定的期望而形成的，特别是识别脸的。
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Question 4问题4Which of the following is the best example of a long-term measure?以下那一个是长期测试的最好例子？
A. an overall rating by the hiring panel of "leadership potential". 由“领导潜力”招聘小组给出的全面评级。
B. a structured interview.一个结构化面试。
C. a standardised test like the Graduate Record Examination.像GRE（研究生入学考试）一样的标准化考试
D. a cumulative university or high school grade point average (GPA).长期积累的大学或高中GPA(学分)
E. an informal interview.一个非正式的面试
Question 6问题6Buehler and colleagues asked a group of 37 university students to estimate, as accurately as possible, how many days it would take them to submit their finished honours thesis. Their average prediction was 34 days. They also asked each student to predict when they would complete the thesis "if everything went as well as it possibly could" and "if everything went as poorly as it possibly could." The students predicted 27 days and 49 days, respectively. The average number of days that it actually took them to submit their thesis was 56 days. Type the name of this effect in the space below.[Buehler和同事找了37个大学生，请他们估计自己要花多少天才能提交荣誉论文，越精确越好。他们的平均预估是34天。他们也请每个学生预估了“如果一切事情都很顺利”或“如果一些事情都很不顺利”两种情况下，他们多久能完成论文。学生分别给出27天和49天。而实际平均下来，他们需要56天才能提交论文。请在下框输入这个现象的名字（请填写它的英文名字哦）。______
Question 9Often the ease of processing information can be mistaken for understanding or learning. Which of the following is not an effective way to avoid this problem? 我们常因为信息加工过程容易就误以为我们理解或学到了。下面哪种方式不能有效避免这一问题？
A. Preparing for a big presentation by reading over your slides.反复看自己的幻灯片，以准备重要演讲。
B. Learning a new programming language through trial and error.反复实践尝试，以学习新的程序语言。
C. Explaining the availability heuristic to your family over dinner.在晚餐时为家人解释易得性法则。
D. Spending time on the bus reorganising your notes according to theme. 坐车的时候根据主题重新组织你的笔记。
E. Preparing for the previous week's quiz by testing yourself using flash cards. 用抽认卡测试自己，准备关于上周学习内容的小测试。
Question 8The second or double 'blind' refers to which of the following? 双“盲”指的是下列哪种情况？
A. The people tasting the wine were 'blind' to the point of the experiment.在尝酒之前，受试者一直被蒙着眼。
B. The people who were analysing the results were 'blind' to the identity of the individuals.分析结果的人员不知道参与者的身份。
C. The people serving the wine were 'blind' to the type of wine they served.倒酒的实验助理也不知道他们所倒的是什么酒。
D. The people tasting the wine were 'blind' to the type of wine they were sampling. 品酒者不知道他们所试尝的是什么酒。
E. The people tasting the wine wore a second blindfold.品酒者带两个眼罩。
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