Question 9Often the ease of processing information can be mistaken for understanding or learning. Which of the following is not an effective way to avoid this problem? 我们常因为信息加工过程容易就误以为我们理解或学到了。下面哪种方式不能有效避免这一问题？
A. Preparing for a big presentation by reading over your slides.反复看自己的幻灯片，以准备重要演讲。
B. Learning a new programming language through trial and error.反复实践尝试，以学习新的程序语言。
C. Explaining the availability heuristic to your family over dinner.在晚餐时为家人解释易得性法则。
D. Spending time on the bus reorganising your notes according to theme. 坐车的时候根据主题重新组织你的笔记。
E. Preparing for the previous week's quiz by testing yourself using flash cards. 用抽认卡测试自己，准备关于上周学习内容的小测试。
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Question 8The second or double 'blind' refers to which of the following? 双“盲”指的是下列哪种情况？
A. The people tasting the wine were 'blind' to the point of the experiment.在尝酒之前，受试者一直被蒙着眼。
B. The people who were analysing the results were 'blind' to the identity of the individuals.分析结果的人员不知道参与者的身份。
C. The people serving the wine were 'blind' to the type of wine they served.倒酒的实验助理也不知道他们所倒的是什么酒。
D. The people tasting the wine were 'blind' to the type of wine they were sampling. 品酒者不知道他们所试尝的是什么酒。
E. The people tasting the wine wore a second blindfold.品酒者带两个眼罩。
Question 7We provided several examples from scientific method, which are useful in cooking. Which one of the following didn't we mention? 我们列举过几项适用于烹饪的科研方法，下面哪一种我们没有提到过？
A. Replicate the results and conclusions from other recipes. 重复其他菜谱的结果和结论
B. Systematically adjust one thing at a time and see what happens.系统地一次改变一项，观察结果
C. Keep careful notes.认真记笔记
D. Tell other people about what you found.跟他人分享你的发现
E. Don't just blindly follow what other people have done. 不要盲目跟从他人的做法。
Question 6What do we do, in our everyday lives, that is similar to what scientists do? 在日常生活中，我们做的哪些事很像科学家们探索科学？
A. Rigorously adhere to the norms of the discipline 坚决遵守常规
B. Conceptualize decision rules and optimize observations 决定规则概念化，观察方法最优化
C. Figure out the world around us 试图理解我们的世界
Develop mental habits 形成思维习惯
E. Use formal tools 使用专业工具
Question 3Which of the following is not an example of the gambler's fallacy?下面哪一条不是赌徒谬论的例证？
A. While watching a baseball game, you lean over to your neighbor and say, "Watch this… Jones is going to knock it out of the park! He hasn't had a hit all season, so he's due for one now." 看棒球比赛时，你跟你的邻座说，“瞧这回，琼斯这次一定表现不俗！他整季都没有打一个好球了，所以这次该是时候了。”
B. While watching a basketball game, Smith seems to be on a hot streak tonight, and has made 14 shots in a row, and so you make a bet that he'll make his 15th shot in a row.看篮球赛时， 史密斯当晚好像开了挂，连续进了14个球，所以你打赌他下一个球也一定会进。
C. You witness a woman assault a man at a casino because he "stole" a slot machine while she ran to the toilet, which she had been playing for the last ten hours expecting a pay out that was long overdue.你在游乐场看到一个女人冲一位男士发难，因为她去厕所时他偷占了她玩的老虎机， 她已经连续在那台老虎机上玩了十来个小时，早是时候出收益了。
D. Someone at your office is expecting a baby, and your coworkers set up an office pool to guess the baby's gender. When everyone finds out that the couple already has three girls, the number of bets that the baby will be a boy increases significantly.你们办公室里有人要生孩子了， 同事们打赌猜宝宝是男是女。大家发现那对夫妇已经有了三个女儿后，很多人都赌这个宝宝是男孩。
E. If you're playing roulette and the last four spins of the wheel have led to the ball's landing on black, so you bet on the next ball landing on red. 你在玩幸运转轮，一连四次转盘都让转珠停到了黑色，所以你打赌这次转珠会停到红色。
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