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有人说：“课堂应是向未知方向挺进的旅程，随时都有可能发现意外的通道和美丽的图景，而不是一切都必须遵循固定线路而没有热情的行程。”这对教师教学的启示是（）
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下列哪位教育家在《民主主义与教育》中强调“儿童中心”，提出了“做中学”的做法，开创了“现代教育派”？（）
案例分析题Most episodes of absent-mindedness--forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room--are caused by a simple lack of attention，says Schacter."You’re sup-posed to remember something，but you haven’t encoded it deeply."Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.Failure to encode properly can create an noying situations.If you put your mobile phone in a pocket，for example，and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation，you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe（衣柜）."Your memory itself isn’t failing you，"says Schacter."Rather，you didn’t give your memory system the information.it needed."Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness."A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago，"says Zehnski，"may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox."Women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their environ-ment，and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness，says Schacter."But be sure the cue is clear and available，"he cautions.If you want to remember to take a medication（药物）with lunch，put the pill bottle on the kitchen table--don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness：walkingin to a room and wondering why you’re there，Most likely，you were thinking about something else."Everyone does this from time to time，"says Zelinski.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and you’ll likely remember. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important？（）
案例分析题Internet use appears to cause a drop in psychological health，according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more bad feeling sand lone liness than those who was on line less frequently，the two-year study showed.Researchers are puzzling over the results，which were completely contrary to their expectations.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television，since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in psycho logical health，researchers hypothesized（推测）.Faceless，bodiless"virtual"（虚的）communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation，and the relationships formed through it may be shallower.Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.But its important to remember this is not about the technology，its about how it is used，"says psychol-ogist Christine Riley of Intel，one of the studys sponsors（发起人）."It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology. The most appropriate title for the passage is（）
请阅读以下材料。并根据要求作文。【材料一】近年来，为了引导和督促孩子在家学习，一些教师习惯给家长布置任务，如检查作业并签名，出测试试卷，批改作业等，以为这样督促、督导了学生，又可以让家长了解、参与子女的学习成长，充分担负起家庭教育的责任。一部分家长乐此不疲，积极配合；但也有部分家长感到精力有限，疲于应付，觉得自己是在完成老师布置的“家庭作业”。同时，一些家长反映，有的老师布置低年级孩子讲故事给家长听，并要求家长把故事记下来，孩子讲了十多分钟，家长可能要写三四千字；有的学校布置的“电脑小报”和“手抄报”作业，美编、文字要求超越学生自身能力，没有家长帮忙很难完成；有的老师要求孩子回家通过网络搜集资料，并及时打印出来第二天带到学校；有的老师布置的手工作业和实践活动作业，要求家长找器材、找道具、准备物品，家长觉得很为难。以致很多家长感叹，这哪里是孩子们的作业，分明是给家长的家长作业!【材料二】2015年10月11日，教育部印发了《教育部关于加强家庭教育工作的指导意见》，要求加强家庭教育工作，首先要明确家长在家庭教育中的主体责任。广大家长要依法履行家庭教育职责，严格遵循孩子成长规律，不断提升家庭教育水平。浙江省教育厅《关于改进和加强中小学作业管理指导意见》规定，不得布置要求家长完成或需要家长代劳的作业，不得要求家长批改教师布置的作业或纠正孩子的作业错误，不得要求家长通过网络下载并打印作业。其中，还列举了包括听读作业、听写作业、数学拓展作业、制作各类小报、搜集资料等11种有可能增加学生和家长负担的作业的情形。【材料三】家长到底该不该批作业、查作业、做作业，家长对此看法不一。一些家长认为，各种作业和签字制度是逼着家长“做作业”，是老师“偷懒”，把原本该老师完成的任务转嫁给了家长。当地一些家长指出，自己几年“沦为了孩子的作业奴隶”——平时各种工作已经忙得跟头驴似的，回到家还要批作业和做作业。这种“配合教育”的方式实在让人很无语。有的家长则认为，对于学校布置作业。要求家长配合批改、甚至参与的做法，家长就得无条件配合。虽然这样家长会很累，但对孩子会有所帮助。某小学四年级班主任王老师认为，家长配合学校做好学校教育，做作业是孩子自己的事情，因此应尽量让其独立完成。家长只要适当督促。或者在孩子遇到困难时给予适当的帮助即可。某省教育科学研究院专家认为，没有家庭配合的学校教育．和没有学校教育引导的家庭教育，都很难完成培养人，塑造人这样一个任务。但是如何能够真正实现家庭教育和学校教育的相辅相成，如何分配家庭教育和学校教育在孩子成长过程中所占的比重，这个度就极为关键了，要掌握好这个度。请根据以上材料，以“家长作业”为主题，结合自己的认识，自拟题目，写一篇1000字左右的议论文。
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