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Passage Four In considering how the American family is changing, the starting point is the traditional family, a form which has developed over time on the basis of a number of assumptions. It is assumed that the family is heterosexual (异性的) institution, with prescriptions about how a man and a woman ought to be joined together and live together. The proper family form is assumed to be the nuclear family, that is, a family composed of a married man and woman and their children. It is assumed that the husband is the head of the family, with ultimate authority over wife and children, and that in their clearly separated roles the husband is the income-earner and the wife is the homemaker and provider of child care. It is assumed that the family lives by itself in its own house or residence. Observers of family life have suggested that numerous changes are taking place in this traditional American family form. Included are the following general observations about trends. More men and women seem to be living together before getting married. Women and men seem to be marrying at a later age. Married couples are having fewer children. Unmarried women appear to be having more children. Wives, even mothers with small children, are increasingly likely to be employed outside the home. Marriages are more likely to end with divorce. Single-parent families are more prevalent. Remarriage is likely to follow divorce rather than widowhood. Remarriage rates are declining, especially for women. Some trends, viewed in a long-range historical context, appear not to be trends at all. The age at which men and women normally marry is the same now as it was 100 years ago, though it has fluctuated (变动，波动); a short-range increase in the 1940s and 1950s due to widespread postponement of marriage in war time made it appear that a change had occurred. Other trends appear to be following established patterns rather than representing a sharp break with tradition. Divorce rates have been increasing and families have been having fewer children for well over a century. Single-parent families and stepfamilies were very common in the past, although the reason for them was different. Many marriages formerly are dissolved and followed by remarriage because of the death of a parent or partner. Today single parenthood and remarriage are more likely to be a response to divorce. Some social scientists see in these changes the breakdown of the family, to the detriment of the society. We take the position that family institutions and systems, like all human systems, are open, take many forms, and are constantly changing. Which of the following is NOT an assumption about traditional family
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Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast various places on the earth. But they also (51) beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The English word geography means "to describe the earth. " (52) geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an (53) continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another (54) to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the (55) starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act (56) each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, (57) branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the (58) between places. If all places (59) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, (60) is a point of view, a special way of looking at place.
甲公司与乙公司约定，由甲公司向乙公司交付1吨药材，乙公司付款100万元。乙公司将药材转卖给丙公司，并约定由甲公司向丙公司交付，丙公司收货后3日内应向乙支付价款120万元。 张某以自有汽车为乙公司的债权提供抵押担保，未办理抵押登记。抵押合同约定：“在丙公司不付款时，乙公司有权就出卖该汽车的价款清偿自己的债权。”李某为这笔货款出具担保函：“在丙公司不付款时，由李某承担保证责任”。丙公司收到药材后未依约向乙公司支付120万元，乙公司向张某主张实现抵押权，同时要求李某承担保证责任。 张某见状，便将其汽车赠与刘某。刘某将该汽车作为出资，与钱某设立丁酒店有限责任公司，并办理完出资手续。 丁公司员工方某驾驶该车接送酒店客人时，为躲避一辆逆行摩托车，将行人赵某撞伤。方某自行决定以丁公司名义将该车放在戊公司维修，为获得维修费的八折优惠，方某以其名义在与戊公司相关的庚公司为该车购买一套全新坐垫。汽车修好后，方某将车取走交丁公司投入运营。戊公司要求丁公司支付维修费，否则对汽车行使留置权，丁公司回函请宽限一周。庚公司要求丁公司支付坐垫费，丁公司拒绝。请回答第(1)—(6)题。 关于汽车维修合同，下列表述正确的是：
Passage Three Health-care services will account for almost one-fifth of all job growth during the 1996～2005 period. Home health-care aids will assist the elderly, disabled, and seriously ill in the patient’s home instead of a health facility. A large number of openings for this field is expected due to very rapid growth and high turnover. In fact, home health-care aids are expected to more than double in number by the end of 2005. Part of the reason for this increase is the growing population of elderly people. The number of people in their 70s and older is projected to rise substantially. This age group is characterized by mounting health problems that require assistance. There will also be an increasing reliance on home care for patients of all ages. This trend reflects several developments: Efforts to contain (抑制，控制) costs by moving patients out of hospitals and nursing facilities as quickly as possible; the realization that treatment can be more effective in familiar surroundings; and the development of portable medical equipment for in-home treatment. Turnover in this field is high, which is a reflection of the relatively low skill requirements, low pay, and high emotional demands of the work. Therefore, people who are interested in this work and properly suited for it should have excellent job opportunities, particularly those with previous experience. Physical therapy, too, is predicted to increase rapidly through 2005. A growing population of elderly people, who are vulnerable to chronic and debilitating (虚弱的) conditions, means that more therapeutic services will be needed. More young people will also need physical therapy as medical advances save the lives of a larger proportion of newborns with severe birth defects. Growth will also result from advances in medical technology that permit the treatment of more disabling conditions. In the past, for example, the development of hip and knee replacements for those with arthritis gave rise to employment for physical therapists to improve flexibility and strengthen weak muscles. The growing interest in health promotion should also increase the demand for physical therapy services. More employers are now evaluating work sites, developing exercise programs, and teaching safe work habits to employees in the hope of reducing injuries. A shortage of physical therapists that once existed has all but disappeared. The number of physical-therapy education programs has increased, and more graduates have moved into the labor force. Most graduates receive multiple job offers, and job prospects are expected to continue to be excellent. Physical therapists who are willing to work in rural areas will experience even better opportunities. The increase in home health care’ aids is partly due to ______ .
Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast various places on the earth. But they also (51) beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The English word geography means "to describe the earth. " (52) geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an (53) continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another (54) to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the (55) starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act (56) each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, (57) branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the (58) between places. If all places (59) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, (60) is a point of view, a special way of looking at place.
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