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Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast various places on the earth. But they also (51) beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a whole. The English word geography means "to describe the earth. " (52) geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an (53) continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another (54) to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the (55) starts with human beings and studies how human beings and their environment act (56) each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, (57) branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described as one who observes, records, and explains the (58) between places. If all places (59) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, (60) is a point of view, a special way of looking at place.
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Passage Two When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it. A granted patent is the result of a bargain made between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates (终止). Only in most exceptional circumstances is the life-span of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi: his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates (使无效) further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity of dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent of a cart with the horse at the rear. Georges Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because ______ .
This method can save a lot of time; ________ (相比而言), the other one would waste too much.
丽芬是一位普通的农村妇女，丈夫常年在外打工，很少回家，而且经常抽烟喝酒，每年拿不了多少钱回家。丽芬除了种地、养猪、养牛之外，还要照顾上学的女儿以及多病的婆婆，是家庭的经济支柱。婆婆和丈夫都希望丽芬再生一个男孩，可丽芬自己不想再生第二胎，也一直没有怀上。因此，丈夫和婆婆对她总是冷言冷语，丈夫甚至以生不出男孩就离婚来威胁，有时还会打她。丽芬得不到丈夫的关心，觉得自己很没用，在村里抬不起头来。性格内向的丽芬向村里要好的姐妹诉苦，大家都很同情她。村里与她有类似经历的妇女有不少，但大家认为家丑不可外扬，都选择了忍耐和沉默。丽芬曾找过妇联主任和派出所民警，他们都做过丽芬家人的工作，但收效不大。村里人背地里对丽芬将家事告诉外人有些议论，也以“清官难断家务事”为由，没有给丽芬什么帮助。丽芬感觉活得很累，有过离婚的念头。可是，父母都住在弟弟家里，自己如果离婚，带着女儿能去哪里呢她想过自杀，但一想到女儿没了妈妈之后的日子，就打消了这个念头。她感到无助，自叹命不好，不得不认命。不久前，某社会工作服务机构在丽芬所在的村庄开展服务。丽芬经过一段时间的观望和了解，前来该机构求助。 从个人、小组和社区三个层面，提出解决丽芬问题的简要策略。
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Mr. Reece is an interesting old main Mr. Reece worked (41) a farm. He and his wife (42) a lot of things and they had some cows. Every day they worked hard (43) morning till night. One day, Mr. Reece (44) his wife, "Let’s go to Portsmouth next Sunday. We can have a good lunch there and then we can go to the cinema." His wife was very (45) when she heard this, because they always ate a lot, and she didn’t like (46) three times a day. They went to Portsmouth (47) and walked about for an hour. Then, (48) it was twelve o’ clock, they wanted to have lunch. They looked at four restaurants. In front of one restaurant, they saw a notice. It (49) , "Lunch: 12:30 to 2:30, 1.5 pounds. " "Well, that’s great," Mr Reece said, "We can eat for two hours for 1.5 pounds here ! This is the (50) for us."
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