下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文,并根据短文回答其后面的问题,从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。第一篇The treasure Locked away in a vault underneath the presidential palace in Kabul is a priceless treasure which is at the mercy of the American bombardment and the Taleban’s spite and greed. Art experts want the UN to rescue this 2, 100-year-old hoard of gold antiquities, called the Treasure of Bactria, before it is destroyed or the Tableban melt it down. What is remarkable is that the 20,000 or more gold statues, necklaces and ornaments set with precious stones have survived for so long in a city scarred by years of war. Rumors swirl around the bazaars of the capital about what the Taleban has done with the treasure, which was excavated from a royal burial site in northern Afghanistan by a Soviet team during the Soviet Union’s occupation. The team described how the 20,000 gold pieces included statues, necklaces, dress ornaments, hairpins and buckles deco rated with precious stones. There were also plaques decorated with jewels and a crown covered in pearls and turquoise. The treasure survived until its excavation in 1978. After that, the country’s former President Najibullah, sealed it in many trunks and hid them in a vault and protected by a steel door shut by seven locks with keys held by seven different people. At least three of the key holders are now dead, Mr. Najibullah included. Another popular fable circulating in Kabul is that the Russians have a duplicate set of the seven keys. Others claim that a traitor team of Soviet troops broke into the vault in the last hours before they abandoned Kabul and replaced some of the treasures with fakes. Now all anyone can say for sure is that the treasure was last seen and inspected by international archaeologists in 1993. when the safe was opened to clarify rumors that the Afghans had sold it. UNESCO says that it has given the Americans a map so that its bombers can avoid vital cultural sites, which include the vault in the presidential palace and other places, where other museum treasures are stored. There are many in Kabul who say the Taleban have already handed the treasure to Osama Bin Laden. Robert Kluyver, of the Society for the Preservation of Afghanistan’s Cultural Heritage, was told recently that Bin Laden had arranged for it to be smuggled across the mountains to Pakistan in March where dealers awaited his orders to sell it. What has UNESCO done to protect these treasures
A. It has sent international archaeologists to see and inspect them.
B. It has persuaded the UN to rescue them.
C. It has given the Americans a map so that its bombers could avoid them.
D. It has sent dealers to wait for Ben Laden to sell them.
A computer model has been developed that can predict what word you are thinking of. (41) Researchers led by Tom Mitchell of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, "trained" a computer model to recognize the patterns of brain activity associated with 60 images, each of which represented a different noun, such as "celery" or "aeroplane". (42) . Words such as "hammer", for example, axe known to cause movement-related areas of the brain to light up; on the other hand, the word "castle" triggers activity in regions that process spatial information. Mitchell and his colleagues also knew that different nouns are associated more often with some verbs than with others--the verb "eat", for example, is more likely to be found in conjunction with "celery" than with "aeroplane". The researchers designed the model to try and use these semantic links to work out how the brain would react to particular nouns. They fed 25 such verbs into the model. (43) . The researchers then fed the model 58 of the 60 nouns to train it. For each noun, the model sorted through a trillion-word body of text to find how it was related to the 25 verbs, and how that related to the activation pattern. After training, the models were put to the test. Their task was to predict the pattern of activity for the two missing words from the group of 60, and then to deduce which word was which. On average, the models came up with the right answer more than three-quarters of the time. The team then went one step further, this time training the models on 59 of the 60 test words, and then showing them a new brain activity pattern and offering them a choice of 1 001 words to match it. The models performed well above chance when they were made to rank the 1001 words according to how well they matched the pattern. The idea is similar to another "brain-reading" technique. (44) . It shouldn’t be too difficult to get the model to choose accurately between a larger number of words, says John-Dylan Haynes. An average English speaker knows 50 000 words, Mitchell says, so the model could in theory be used to select any word a subject chooses to think of. Even whole sentences might not be too distant a prospect for the model, saysMitchell. "Now that we can see individual words, it gives the scaffolding for starting to see what the brain does with multiple words as it assembles them," he says. (45) Models such as this one could also be useful in diagnosing disorders of language or helping students pick up a foreign language. In semantic dementia, for example, people lose the ability to remember the meanings of things--shown a picture of a chihuahua, they can only recall "dog", for example--but little is known about what exactly goes wrong in the brain. "We could look at what the neural encoding is for this," says Mitchell.[A] The team then used functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) to scan the brains of 9 volunteers as they looked at images of the nouns[B] The study can predict what picture a person is seeing from a selection of more than 100, reported by Nature earlier this year[C] The model may help to resolve questions about how the brain processes words and language, and might even lead to techniques for decoding people’s thoughts[D] This gives researchers the chance to understand the "mental chemistry" that the brain does when it processes such phrases, Mitchell suggests[E] This research may be useful for a human computer interface but does not capture the complex network that allows a real brain to learn and use words in a creative way[F] The team started with the assumption that the brain processes words in terms of how they relate to movement and sensory information[G] The new model is different in that it has to look at the meanings of the words, rather than just lower-level visual features of a picture