According to Prof. Folke, globalizing human-environment interactions are characterized by increasing:(Choose three that apply)
A. Scale
B. Speed
C. Flexibility
D. Connectivity
E. Autonomy
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What is one of Professor Folke’s main messages in relation to 'factors of production' in economic theory?(Please select one answer)
A. That land is no longer a limiting factor for economic and social development which is why it has been removed as a factor of production. Anything provided by land can now be provided by technology.
B. Since land was considered not to be a limiting factor for economic and social development in the mid and late 1900s, it was removed from the economic model. That is why ecological economics was developed during the 1980s aiming to reconnect to land by referring to “natural capital”.
C. We should return to the economic theory of the mid 1900s when land was considered a crucial part of the economic model, and call it ecological economics.
Sustainabilty needs to incorporate measures to eradicate poverty, improve social justice, and link sustainability initatives across scales.(Choose true or false)
A. True
B. False
When representatives of the world’s nations met at the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janiero, Oxfam, an international confederation advocating against poverty and injustice...(Please select one answer)
A. Publicly opposed the planetary boundaries concept on the grounds that it implies geoengineering will be needed by 2020.
B. Proposed "social foundations” for use alongside the "environmental ceiling” marked by the planetary boundaries
C. Reviewed the economic policies of the biggest nations to identify financial planetary boundaries.
According to Prof. Rockström, what is the implication of the planetary boundaries framework with respect to issues of justice and fair distribution of remaining ecological space?(Please select one answer that represents the most appropriate implication)
A. The implication is that the international court of justice needs to rule over individual nation states responsibility for staying within the safe operating space.
B. The planetary boundaries framework has been defined in order to indicate a just distribution of remaining safe operating space, taking into consideration that all humans have the right to development.
C. The implication of a limited safe operating space implies that the distribution of that space is an issue of justice and equity and that all humans have the right to development.
D. The implication is that all nations must fight for their right to the remaining ecological space.
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