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For some people, the light of human attention has an unbearable brilliance. Like ivy along the dim edge of a garden, they prefer the social shadows, shunning parties, publicity and fame of any sort. Then there are the flowers of the human arboretum. For them, being in the view of others seems necessary for life itself. From Hollywood to fabricated prime-time reality, this spotlight-dependent species is thriving. But what about the individuals who crave attention for more desperate reasons Those who resort to unusual ways to get it Lately, it seems, a dark bloom of these characters has emerged. For motives known only to themselves, they have won notoriety by drawing on an almost sacred well of social status: victim hood. In early April, US national news outlets tracked the disappearance of Audrey Seiler, a sophomore at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Police and hundreds of concerned citizens searched for four days before Seiler was discovered. Seiler said she was kidnapped. Within hours, however, her story fell apart. Police announced that her abduction had been a hoax. Why would a popular student make herself disappear Her motive remains a mystery, but perhaps it had something to do with the search parties and the news bulletins that surrounded her. Sympathy is a powerful sentiment that can connect complete strangers. But if it’s used to manipulate, the backlash can be much more intense. In February, a Waterbury, Connecticut, man was arrested as a result of exploiting sympathy. Edward Valentin told reporters that he had received word that his wife, serving in Iraq, had been killed in an explosion. Police said Valentin admitted the fabrication, reasoning that if people felt sorry for him maybe the military would send his wife home. Evidence, however, points elsewhere. In its extreme form, such a craving shows up in mental disorders, where sufferers may seek attention by causing themselves harm. But even when it comes with no diagnosis, a deep craving to be noticed can have a wide impact. For these individuals, victim hood represents a "pure state of guilt-free entitlement," said psychologist Richard Levak, of Del Mar, California. "They go from being utterly deprived to being utterly indulged. In today’s world ... people have become more depressed and disconnected from each other. So you get people who crave affection and attention and approval. They don’t know how to ask for it and they don’t know how to get it. That leaves them vulnerable," Levak said. The word "arboretum" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
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If you left your book on the table overnight, you would find the following morning that it was still exactly when you had left it, provided nobody had moved it. If a ball is made to roll on a very smooth surface, it will roll a long distance unless something stops it or changes its direction. This tendency of an object to remain at rest unless something moves it and to continue moving unless something stops it is known as the Law of Inertia. The following examples show the truth of this law.(a) Put a table-cloth on a table and arrange a pile of books on it. Hold one edge of the tablecloth and pull it quickly. The table-cloth will come off, leaving the pile of books undisturbed.(b) Place a small piece of cardboard on an open jar and place a coin on it directly over its mouth. Use one finger to flick the piece of cardboard away. You will notice that the coin drops into the jar.(c) Sitting in a car which starts suddenly, you feel you are jerked backwards. In fact, you are not jerked backwards. Your lower half, which is in contact with the cushion, is forced to move forward with the car, and the upper part of your body, which remained at rest, is left behind. In the first example, the pile of books on the table-cloth will ______.
Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once. A=Nokia B=Ericsson C=Philips D=Siemens E=Motorola Which mobile phone(s) ... · has a small and complex keyboard and screen 21. ______ · has combined handwriting and keying 22. ______ · can recognize voices 23. ______ · has a voice dial tag 24. ______ · has a pen which can write in the air 25. ______ · might carry out financial transactions 26. ______ · are working on dual slot phones 27. ______ 28. ______ · can be connected to your home by a saying’Home’ 29. ______ · is both a phone and personal digital assistant 30. ______ Once the exclusive domain of executives with expense accounts, the mobile phone is set to become one of the central technologies of the 21st century. Within a few years, the mobile phone will evolve from a voice-only device to a multi-functional communicator capable of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but video, still images, data and text. A whole new era of personal communication is on the way. Thanks in part to the growth of wireless networks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon lightweight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens -which can be embedded in everything from wristwatches to palm-held units -will be connected to series of low orbit satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive e-mail, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that are becoming available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, gambling, shopping and buying theater and airline tickets. The communications revolution is already taking shape around the globe. In Europe, small-scale trials are under way using mobile phones for electronic commerce. For example, most phones contain a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card that serves primarily to identify a user to the phone network. But the card could also facilitate limited financial transactions. Deutsche Bank and Nokia, for example, are working together to develop mobile banking services. Some manufacturers plan to upgrade the SIM card to an all-in-one personal identification and credit card. Another approach is to add a slot to mobile phones for a second smart card designed specifically for mobile e-commerce. These cards could be used to make payments over the Internet or removed from the phone for use in point-of-sale terminals to pay for things like public transportation, movie tickets or a round of drinks at the bar. In France, Motorola is currently testing a dual slot phone, the StarTACD, in a trial with France Telecom, while in Finland Nokia is testing a phone that uses a special plug-in reader for a tiny smart card. Siemens is pursuing a different approach. Since it is not yet clear whether it’s best to do everything with a single device, Siemens is developing dual slot phones and Einstein, a device equipped with a smart card reader and keypad that can be linked to the phone via infrared wireless technology. For those who want to, though, it will be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic communication through a single device, most likely a three-in-one phone that serves as a cordless at home, a cell phone on the road and an intercom at work. "The mobile phone will become increasingly multifunctional," says Burghardt Schallenberger, vice president for technology and innovation at Siemens Information and Consumer Products in Munich, "and fingerprint technology or advanced speech recognition will ensure that only one or two authorized users will be able to operate it." New hybrid devices, such as Nokia’s 9110 Communicator, a combination phone and personal digital assistant (P.D.A.), are already on the market. But some customers feel the keyboard and screen are too small and complex for comfort. To get around these problems, Nokia’s 7110 mobile phone has a larger screen and is operated by a tracking ball in addition to a keyboard. The phone has found a ready market among young people, who tend to send more text messages than they make mobile phone calls not surprising given the fact that text is approximately a tenth as costly as voice. The Nokia 7110 also offers Internet access via Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), an open standard that allows streamlined versions of website contents to be displayed on mobile phone screens. Phones equipped -with WAP enable people on the move to access basic information such as news services, stock prices and flight timetables from specially -"cut-down" sites. For some, any device that bridges the gap between handwriting and keying in text will be a world-beater. Ericsson is researching a "smart quill" pen that could do just that. Though the smart quill looks like any other pen, it permits writers to write on any surface -or even in the air -while a microchip in the tip of the pen records the shape of the scribblings and transmits them to a remote PC, where special software converts them into normal text. Could this mean the end of typing Not yet. Ericsson cannot say when a prototype will be ready. Keyboards might eventually be unnecessary on mobile handsets if speech recognition software continues to improve. Mobile phones might then be reduced to a few computer chips, a microphone and a receiver embedded in an earring. The Philips Genie, a lightweight mobile phone, can be operated by uttering a single word. When you type a name into the Genie’s keypad, the system asks whether you would like to assign a voice-dial tag to that name. Through a series of yes or no prompts, the Genie compiles a list of up to 10 voice tags. The next time you want to call a person listed as one of these tags, just say that person’s name or a relevant code word. The word home, for example, is sufficient to place a call to your family.
The new-technology revolution in American newspapers has brought increased circulations, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs in spite of reduced manning in the composing rooms. Payrolls in the publishing industry more than doubled in a decade from $3.1 billion in 1972 to $6.3 billion in 1981. Capital investment, largely as a result of re-equipment with new technology, doubled from $554m in 1972 to $1.02 billion in 1981. Circulation of weekly newspapers has grown from 21m in 1960 to 49m in 1985. Big city dailies have remained relatively static, with total circulation going from 58m to 63m. Sunday papers, though, have grown more dramatically from 8.6m to 56m. This reflects the trend toward specialisation. Growth has been especially strong in the number and circulation of suburban and small-community newspapers. In 1965 there were only 357 semi-weekly papers; in 1982, 508. There has also been a dramatic rise in newspapers circulating nationwide something that hardly existed in the old days. The Wall Street Journal is producing regional editions that have catapulted it into becoming the nation’s largest-circulation newspaper, a role formerly held by the New York Daily News. In addition, USA Today and the New York Times have used technological advances, particularly satellite-delivery of pages to regional production facilities, to achieve unprecedented growth. A number of daily papers have added Sunday editions -made possible through the new technology in response to demand from advertisers. Total newspaper employment, according to government statistics, rose from 345,000 in 1965 to 443,000 in 1984 and that figure does not fully cover the multitude of local papers. But the International Typographical Union, which formerly had a firm grip on nearly all printing jobs, has shrunk from over 100,000 in 1967 to 40,000 today, of whom about 4,000 are in fact retired members. The prospect is that the union may be reduced to 5,000 members in the near future. According to Jim Cesnik of the 33,000-member journalists’ union, the Newspaper Guild, employment of journalists has grown but not to the same extent as that of sales people pushing advertising and circulation. The guild, however, has few members on the small local papers. The New York Times spent $2m on radio advertising to boost home-delivery of the paper in the first nine months of 1985 -a campaign responding to a fall in the number of streetside news-stands. The general growth in circulations has helped increase advertising revenue among dailies from $15 billion in 1965 to $66 billion in 1982. An interesting development noted by Charles Cole, a consultant to the 1,375-member American Newspaper Publishers Association, is that local newspapers have expanded their news-gathering teams, and some now send people abroad as well as having representatives in many American cities. Other departments in papers have also advanced, according to Cole. For example, mail rooms of many newspapers employ up to 25% more people handling the national advertising inserts that have become common. However, more automatic machinery may well reduce manning here. Which of the following has grown most rapidly in number
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