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我国以CIF术语向美国出口一批货物,货物交运前卖方及时投保丁一切险和战争险,货物在马六甲海峡附件遭遇海盗抢劫,部分货物被抢走。试分析说明: 一家中国公司和一家美国公司商定共同出资在中国成立一家中外合资经营企业,并商定该家合资企业的投资总额为900万美元,请问:依照中国利用外资的政策法律规定,在正常情况下,这家合资企业的注册资本至少应为多少万美元该合资企业在获得营业执照之日起的几年内应将注册资本全部缴齐,

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The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World 1. Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease. 2. The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets (小滴) in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows—but never gets as big as the other droplet—and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke. 3. The technique exploits the fact that surface tension—the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating—becomes more important at small scales. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water. 4. Although the amount of energy produced is small—20 microwatts—it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine. 5. In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micrometer, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory. 6. Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom by atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells. A.An Introduction of a Toyota’s 225 Horsepower V6 Engine B.A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size C.Surface Tension D.Previous Inventions of Nanoscale Products E.The Working Principle of the Nanomotor F.Possible Fields of Application in the Future Applying a small electric current causes atoms to ______.

The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World 1. Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease. 2. The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets (小滴) in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows—but never gets as big as the other droplet—and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke. 3. The technique exploits the fact that surface tension—the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating—becomes more important at small scales. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water. 4. Although the amount of energy produced is small—20 microwatts—it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine. 5. In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micrometer, which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl’s group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory. 6. Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom by atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside your body to find disease and repair damaged cells. A.An Introduction of a Toyota’s 225 Horsepower V6 Engine B.A Description of the Nanomotor in Terms of Power and Size C.Surface Tension D.Previous Inventions of Nanoscale Products E.The Working Principle of the Nanomotor F.Possible Fields of Application in the Future Nanoconveyors could be used to ______.

Watching Microcurrents Flow We can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning (扫描) the magnetic field (磁场) generated as electric currents flow through objects (物体), physicists have managed 1 . The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes. Gang Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle (细微的) changes in the magnetic field of an object and 2 . Their sensor is adapted from an existing piece (现有配件) of technology that is used to measure large magnetic fields in computer hard drives. "We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring (测量) very weak changes in magnetic fields," says Xiao. The resulting device is capable of detecting (测定) a current as weak as 10 microamperes, even when the wire is buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features (图案) as small as 40 nanometers across. At present, engineers looking for defects (缺陷) in a chip have to peel off (剥开) the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles 3 . But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration (电迁徙)—where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and moves them along. "It is like watching a river flow," explains Xiao. As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conducting electricity. For example, it could look directly at microscopic cracks in an airplane’s fuselage, 4 . The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activity in the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiao doesn’t rule it out (排除……的可能性) in the future. "I can never say never," he says. Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale (上市), from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working 5 . A.to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds B.to making chips any smaller C.to take tiny chips we require D.to picture the progress of the currents E.converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point F.faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteria in a water sample

Unpopular Subjects Is there a place in today’s society for the study of useless subjects in our universities Just over 100 years ago Fitzgerald argued in a well-written letter 1 Nature that "Universities must be allowed to study useless subjects— 2 they don’t, who will He went on to use the 3 of Maxwell’s electrodynamics (电动力学) as one case where a "useless subject" has been transformed to a useful subject. Nowadays this argument is again very much 4 in many universities. Indeed one suspects that it is one of those arguments that must be 5 anew (重新) by each generation. But now there is an added twist subjects must not only be useful, they must also be 6 enough that students will flock (蜂拥) to do them, and even flock to pay to do them. As universities become commercial operations, the pressure to 7 subjects or departments that are less popular will become stronger and stronger. Perhaps this is most strongly 8 at the moment by physics. There has been much 9 in the press of universities that are closing down physics departments and incorporate them with mathematics or engineering departments. Many scientists think otherwise. They see physics as a 10 science, which must be kept alive if only to 11 a base for other sciences and engineering. It is of their great personal concern that physics teaching and research is under 12 in many universities. How Can it be preserved in the rush towards commercial competition A major turnaround (转变) in student popularity may have to 13 until the industrial world discovers that it needs physicists and starts paying them well. Physics is now not only unpopular; it is also "hard". We can do more about the latter by 14 teaching in our schools and universities. We can also 15 cooperative arrangements to ensure that physicists keep their research and teaching up to date.

A. agreement
B. construction
C. threat
D. consideration

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