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Passage 4 Some cities grow very large because of two important reasons. First, there may be important natural resources like wood, gas, oil, rivers or harbors near or in the city. Natural resources like wood or oil can be brought to the city and made into products to sell. Other resources, like rivers or harbors help to send the city’s products to other places to be sold. Second, the city may be located in a place where roads and rivers come together. This makes these cities good places to buy and sell goods. Houston is a city that grew large because it has two important natural resources. They are oil and a good harbor. The oil can be brought to Houston, made into different products, and shipped out of the harbor to other parts of the world. Chicago is a city that grew very large because of its location at a place where roads, railways, and airways meet. In Chicago, goods can be brought together from all over the country and bought and sold. Then the goods can be loaded into trucks, trains or planes and sent to wherever they are needed. Because of Chicago’s location, many people live and work there. Chicago develops thanks to its good ______.
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Directions: The people from the Mars cannot understand why the people on the Earth should crowd themselves in cities. You are invited to write an article to tell three advantages of city life. They are: 1) The city provides people with a background to learn and study; 2) It provides people with a stage to demonstrate their capability and; 3) It is a place where one seldom feels dull. You should write 160 -200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Passage 1 The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census officially distinguished the nation’s "urban" from its "rural" population for the first time. "Urban population" was defined as persons living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants or more. But after 1900 it meant persons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or more inhabitants. Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of "urban" to take account of the new vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons living in incorporated units of 2,500 or more, the census now included those who lived in unincorporated units of that size, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban fringe, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Each such unit, conceived as an integrated economic and social unit with a large population nucleus, was named a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50,000 inhabitants or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50,000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15,000. Such an area included the county in which the central city is located, and adjacent counties that are found to be metropolitan in character and economically and socially integrated with the county of the central city. By 1970, about two-third of the population of the United States was living in these urbanized areas, and of that figure more than half were living outside the central cities. With the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSA (by 1969 there were 233 of them), social scientists were also using new terms to describe the elusive, vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple "towns" and "cities". A host of terms came into use: "metropolitan regions", "polynucleared population groups", "metropolitan clusters", and so on. By 1970, what proportion of the population in the United States did NOT live in an SMSA
I remember (see) ______ him once somewhere.
Hawaii, the newest state in the United States, is a (21) of eight large islands and many small (22) in the Central Pacific Ocean, about 2,200 miles west of San Francisco. Hawaii was probably (23) about 750 A. D. , by (24) from the other Pacific islands. The first Europeans (25) Americans to visit it were the British Captain James Cook and his (26) in 1778. James named his discovery the Sandwich Islands (27) the sponsor of his expedition, the Earl of Sandwich. Twelve years later, the others from Europe and the new United States began to settle in the islands. These "westerners" brought (28) to Hawaii. They brought new diseases, which the Hawaiians had no (29) to; they brought alcohol, which many Hawaiians became (30) to; they brought a new religion which (31) the old values and forced the islanders to (32) their old culture and (33) to a new one. Many Americans settled in Hawaii, and in 1893, they (34) the queen and (35) Hawaii a republic. Sandford Dole, a missionary’s son, was made president. In 1898, the United States (36) the islands, and it became a (37) of the United States in 1900. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese (38) Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This attack (39) the entrance of the United States to the Second World War. In 1959, the United States Congress (40) Hawaii to statehood, making it the fiftieth state in the United States. For the first time in about 200 years, Hawaiians were able to participate in the electoral process.
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