Passage 1 The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census officially distinguished the nation’s "urban" from its "rural" population for the first time. "Urban population" was defined as persons living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants or more. But after 1900 it meant persons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or more inhabitants. Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of "urban" to take account of the new vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons living in incorporated units of 2,500 or more, the census now included those who lived in unincorporated units of that size, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban fringe, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Each such unit, conceived as an integrated economic and social unit with a large population nucleus, was named a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50,000 inhabitants or more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50,000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15,000. Such an area included the county in which the central city is located, and adjacent counties that are found to be metropolitan in character and economically and socially integrated with the county of the central city. By 1970, about two-third of the population of the United States was living in these urbanized areas, and of that figure more than half were living outside the central cities. With the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSA (by 1969 there were 233 of them), social scientists were also using new terms to describe the elusive, vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple "towns" and "cities". A host of terms came into use: "metropolitan regions", "polynucleared population groups", "metropolitan clusters", and so on. By 1970, what proportion of the population in the United States did NOT live in an SMSA
A. 3/4
B. 2/3
C. 1/2
D. 1/3
I remember (see) ______ him once somewhere.
Hawaii, the newest state in the United States, is a (21) of eight large islands and many small (22) in the Central Pacific Ocean, about 2,200 miles west of San Francisco. Hawaii was probably (23) about 750 A. D. , by (24) from the other Pacific islands. The first Europeans (25) Americans to visit it were the British Captain James Cook and his (26) in 1778. James named his discovery the Sandwich Islands (27) the sponsor of his expedition, the Earl of Sandwich. Twelve years later, the others from Europe and the new United States began to settle in the islands. These "westerners" brought (28) to Hawaii. They brought new diseases, which the Hawaiians had no (29) to; they brought alcohol, which many Hawaiians became (30) to; they brought a new religion which (31) the old values and forced the islanders to (32) their old culture and (33) to a new one. Many Americans settled in Hawaii, and in 1893, they (34) the queen and (35) Hawaii a republic. Sandford Dole, a missionary’s son, was made president. In 1898, the United States (36) the islands, and it became a (37) of the United States in 1900. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese (38) Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This attack (39) the entrance of the United States to the Second World War. In 1959, the United States Congress (40) Hawaii to statehood, making it the fiftieth state in the United States. For the first time in about 200 years, Hawaiians were able to participate in the electoral process.
A. brought
B. took
C. lead to
D. brought about
Hawaii, the newest state in the United States, is a (21) of eight large islands and many small (22) in the Central Pacific Ocean, about 2,200 miles west of San Francisco. Hawaii was probably (23) about 750 A. D. , by (24) from the other Pacific islands. The first Europeans (25) Americans to visit it were the British Captain James Cook and his (26) in 1778. James named his discovery the Sandwich Islands (27) the sponsor of his expedition, the Earl of Sandwich. Twelve years later, the others from Europe and the new United States began to settle in the islands. These "westerners" brought (28) to Hawaii. They brought new diseases, which the Hawaiians had no (29) to; they brought alcohol, which many Hawaiians became (30) to; they brought a new religion which (31) the old values and forced the islanders to (32) their old culture and (33) to a new one. Many Americans settled in Hawaii, and in 1893, they (34) the queen and (35) Hawaii a republic. Sandford Dole, a missionary’s son, was made president. In 1898, the United States (36) the islands, and it became a (37) of the United States in 1900. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese (38) Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This attack (39) the entrance of the United States to the Second World War. In 1959, the United States Congress (40) Hawaii to statehood, making it the fiftieth state in the United States. For the first time in about 200 years, Hawaiians were able to participate in the electoral process.
A. resistance
B. boycott
C. conflict
D. revolt