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形式发票是一种正式发票，能用于托收和议付。 ( )
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Answer questions by referring to the introduction to 3 different architectures. Note: Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET. Some choices may be required more than once. A = Buddhist Architecture B = Taoist Architecture C= Imperial Mausoleum Architecture are there various structures serving different functions 21. ______ can we enjoy the highest architectural techniques of the ancient time 22. ______ can we find totems representing emperors and their consorts 23. ______ are the temples built most probably because of the emperors’ religious belief 24. ______ is it possible to find various architectural decorations such as imagines of heavenly bodies symbolizing certain good wishes 25. ______ are there drainage systems under huge hills of clay 26. ______ can we enjoy architecture with foreign flavors 27. ______ are garden structural units built with decorations reflecting the nature topography 28. ______ is it most likely to find glazed tiles due to improved architectural techniques 29. ______ can we find Heavenly King Hall and Sutra Library stand on the axis 30. ______ Buddhist Architecture Chinese Buddhist architecture consists of temple, pagoda and grotto. As the central structure of spreading Buddhism in China, the temple is where cenobites preceding their religious life. Since emperors of dynasties believed in Buddhism, temples erected like mushrooms, usually splendid like palaces, for many were built under imperial orders. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were more than 30,000 temples scattered in the country. Later as architectural techniques improved, glazed tiles, exquisite engravings and delicate paintings were applied in the construction of temples, which came to be more magnificent and splendid. Chinese Buddhist architecture follows symmetric style strictly. Usually main buildings will be set on the central axis, facing the south. Annexe structures will be on the west and east flanks. Temple gate, Heavenly King Hall, the Main Hall and Sutra Library successively stands on the axis. Dorm, kitchen, dinning hall, storehouse and antechamber usually cluster on the right side while left side remains for the visitors. Pagoda is also the main integrating part of the Buddhist architecture, with varied styles and strong local flavors. Pagoda followed Buddhism into China around the first century, and developed into pavilion-like pagoda on which one can view scenery after immediate combination with traditional Chinese architecture. Another Buddhist architecture is grotto complex with its caves hewn on cliff walls, usually huge projects and with exquisite engravings. It came from India with Buddhism too and boomed during the Northern and Southern dynasty. Taoist Architecture Taoist architecture includes various structures according to different functions, categorized as palace for oblation and sacrifice, altar for praying and offering, cubby for religious service, residence for Taoist abbes and garden for visitors. Taoist architecture applies two architectural styles — traditional style and Bagua style. Most Taoist architectures resort to nature topography to build towers, pavilions, lobbies and other garden structural units, decorated with murals, sculptures and steles to entertain people, fully interpreting Taoist philosophy of nature.Taoist architectural decoration reflects Taoist pursuit of luck and fulfillment, long lifespan, and evolution into the fairyland. Taoist architectural motifs are all meaningful. Celestial bodies mean brightness shining everywhere while landscape and rocks immortality. Folding fan, fish, narcissus, bat and deer are used to imply beneficence, wealth, celestial being, fortune and official position, while pine and cypress stand for affection, tortoise for longevity, crane for man of honor. There are many other symbols very traditional and Taoist decorations root deep in Chinese folk residential houses. Imperial Mausoleum ArchitectureImperial mausoleum architecture accounts for a major part in ancient Chinese architecture since they usually stand for the highest architectural techniques of the time. Emperors would often force thousands of the nations, best architects to build these structures. They would withdraw millions, even billions from the exchequer to fund their tombs. These tombs were always magnificently deluxe and consisted of finest structures of the period. In vicissitude of the history, imperial mausoleums scattered around places which used to be capitals of different dynasties. These mausoleums were usually built against hills or mountains and facing plains. Most imperial mausoleums have broad ways called Shendao (the Sacred Way) at the entrance. Along both sides of the Shendao, there are stone sculptures of men and animals which guard the tombs. Other imperial structures were also built beside the tomb. Under huge hills of clay, splendid and superior structures were constructed with free facilities such as drainage systems. Dragon and phoenix, called Long and Feng in Chinese respectively, are totems of Chinese people. They were used to represent emperors and their consorts and were the main decorative patterns to be seen on various imperial structures. Palaces, columns, pathways and screen walls were all inscribed or carved or painted with their images.
有机磷类杀虫农药中毒，可用于清洗被污染的头皮和皮肤的是
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In the following article some paragraphs or sentences have been removed. For questions 16—20, choose the most suitable paragraph or sentence from the lists A—F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which doesn’t fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. Vicky — beautiful, talented, very bright, voted "Most Likely to Succeed" in college — got a promising job with a large company after graduation. Then, after two years without promotions, she was fired. She suffered a complete nervous breakdown. "It was panic," she told me later. "Everything had always gone so well for me that I had no experience in coping with rejection. I felt I was a failure." Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon. Our society places so much emphasis on "making it" that we assume that any failure is bad. What we don’t always recognize is that what looks like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial. When Vicky was able to think coolly about why she was fired, for example, she realized that she was simply not suited for a job dealing with people as a copy editor, she works independently, is happy and once again "successful". 16. ____________ Obviously no one can be brilliant at everything. In fact, success in one area often precludes success in another. A famous politician once told me that his career had practically destroyed his marriage. "I have no time for my family," he explained. "I travel a lot. And even when I am home, I hardly see my wife and kids. I’ve got power, money, prestige — but as a husband and father, I am a flop." Certain kinds of success can indeed be destructive. The danger of too early success is particularly acute. I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice skates marked as "Olympic material". While the rest of us were playing, bicycling, reading and just loafing, this girl skated — every day after school and all weekend. Her picture often appeared in the papers, and the rest of us envied her glamorous life. Years later, however, she spoke bitterly of those early triumphs. "I never prepared myself for anything but the ice," she said. "I peaked at 17 — it’s been downhill ever since." 17. ____________ Success is also bad when it’s achieved at the cost of the total quality of an experience. Successful students sometimes become so obsessed with grades that they never enjoy their school years. They never branch out into tempting new areas, because they don’t want to risk their grade-point average. Why are so many people so afraid of failure Simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes a growing experience. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that "every person has the right to fail." 18. ____________ The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time — and it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. A child who is not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll or the baseball team feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, "It doesn’t matter," because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment — and then be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasant. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask, "why did I fail" Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring. 19. ____________ Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems total can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. 20. ____________ Though we may envy the assurance that comes with success, most of us are attracted by courage in defeat. There is what might be called the noble failure — the special heroism of aiming high, doing your best and then, when that proves not enough, moving bravely on. A. A friend of mine, after 12 years of studying ballet, did not succeed in becoming a dancer. She was turned down by the ballet master, who said, "you will never be a dancer. You haven’t the body for it." In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking, "What have I left What else can I do" my friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, where she is both competent and useful. B. When I was a teenager and failed to get a job I’d counted on, I telephoned the interviewer to ask why. "Because you came ten minutes late," I was. "’We can’t afford employees who waste other people’s time." The explanation was reassuring and helpful, too. I don’t think I’ve been late for anything since. C. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said: "A man’s success is made up of failures, because he experiments and ventures every day, and the more falls he gets, moves faster on ... I have heard that in horsemanship — a man will never be a good rider until he is thrown; then he will not be haunted any longer by the terror that he shall tumble, and will ride whither he is bound. D. Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or shielding their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower their standards. A mother describes her child’s hastily made table as "perfect!" even though it’s clumsy and unsteady. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails math, his teacher is unfair or stupid. E. Success that comes too early is also damaging. The child who wins a prize for a carelessly-written essay, the adult who distinguishes himself at a first job by lucky accident faces probable disappointment when real challenges arise. F. People are generally prone to what language expert Hayakawa calls "the two-valued orientation". We talk about seeing both sides of a question as if every question had only two sides. We assume that everyone is either a success or a failure when, in fact, infinite degrees of both are possible. As Hayakawa points out, there’s a world of difference "I have failed three times" and "I am a failure". Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing human being. They can only describe the situation at a particular time and place.
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