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某公司出口大型发电机，毛重为7公吨，采用班轮运输至汉堡。基本运费为每运费吨300美元，另加收超重附加费每运费吨为30美元，燃油附加费为20%，应支付的海运运费为多少美元
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In the following article some paragraphs or sentences have been removed. For questions 16—20, choose the most suitable paragraph or sentence from the lists A—F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which doesn’t fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. Vicky — beautiful, talented, very bright, voted "Most Likely to Succeed" in college — got a promising job with a large company after graduation. Then, after two years without promotions, she was fired. She suffered a complete nervous breakdown. "It was panic," she told me later. "Everything had always gone so well for me that I had no experience in coping with rejection. I felt I was a failure." Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon. Our society places so much emphasis on "making it" that we assume that any failure is bad. What we don’t always recognize is that what looks like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial. When Vicky was able to think coolly about why she was fired, for example, she realized that she was simply not suited for a job dealing with people as a copy editor, she works independently, is happy and once again "successful". 16. ____________ Obviously no one can be brilliant at everything. In fact, success in one area often precludes success in another. A famous politician once told me that his career had practically destroyed his marriage. "I have no time for my family," he explained. "I travel a lot. And even when I am home, I hardly see my wife and kids. I’ve got power, money, prestige — but as a husband and father, I am a flop." Certain kinds of success can indeed be destructive. The danger of too early success is particularly acute. I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice skates marked as "Olympic material". While the rest of us were playing, bicycling, reading and just loafing, this girl skated — every day after school and all weekend. Her picture often appeared in the papers, and the rest of us envied her glamorous life. Years later, however, she spoke bitterly of those early triumphs. "I never prepared myself for anything but the ice," she said. "I peaked at 17 — it’s been downhill ever since." 17. ____________ Success is also bad when it’s achieved at the cost of the total quality of an experience. Successful students sometimes become so obsessed with grades that they never enjoy their school years. They never branch out into tempting new areas, because they don’t want to risk their grade-point average. Why are so many people so afraid of failure Simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes a growing experience. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that "every person has the right to fail." 18. ____________ The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time — and it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. A child who is not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll or the baseball team feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, "It doesn’t matter," because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment — and then be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasant. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask, "why did I fail" Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring. 19. ____________ Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems total can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. 20. ____________ Though we may envy the assurance that comes with success, most of us are attracted by courage in defeat. There is what might be called the noble failure — the special heroism of aiming high, doing your best and then, when that proves not enough, moving bravely on. A. A friend of mine, after 12 years of studying ballet, did not succeed in becoming a dancer. She was turned down by the ballet master, who said, "you will never be a dancer. You haven’t the body for it." In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking, "What have I left What else can I do" my friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, where she is both competent and useful. B. When I was a teenager and failed to get a job I’d counted on, I telephoned the interviewer to ask why. "Because you came ten minutes late," I was. "’We can’t afford employees who waste other people’s time." The explanation was reassuring and helpful, too. I don’t think I’ve been late for anything since. C. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said: "A man’s success is made up of failures, because he experiments and ventures every day, and the more falls he gets, moves faster on ... I have heard that in horsemanship — a man will never be a good rider until he is thrown; then he will not be haunted any longer by the terror that he shall tumble, and will ride whither he is bound. D. Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or shielding their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower their standards. A mother describes her child’s hastily made table as "perfect!" even though it’s clumsy and unsteady. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails math, his teacher is unfair or stupid. E. Success that comes too early is also damaging. The child who wins a prize for a carelessly-written essay, the adult who distinguishes himself at a first job by lucky accident faces probable disappointment when real challenges arise. F. People are generally prone to what language expert Hayakawa calls "the two-valued orientation". We talk about seeing both sides of a question as if every question had only two sides. We assume that everyone is either a success or a failure when, in fact, infinite degrees of both are possible. As Hayakawa points out, there’s a world of difference "I have failed three times" and "I am a failure". Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing human being. They can only describe the situation at a particular time and place.
Text 1Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much hum an labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can’t yet give a robot enough ’commonsense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world."Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ().
In the following article some paragraphs or sentences have been removed for questions 16—20, choose the most suitable paragraph or sentence from the lists A—F to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is one paragraph which doesn’t fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 1. Between the end of the World War II and the early sixties, a baby boom occurred in the US, and people born during that period were known as the baby boomers. Bill Clinton is no doubt a typical representative of that generation. Like the 1992 general elections, the presidential election of 1997 was not merely a skirmish between two political parties but also a generation war between the baby boomers and the G.I. generation represented by Bush and Dole. 16. ____________ William Jefferson Clinton was born on August 19, 1946, in the mountain city of Hope, Arkansas. In English, "hope" means "xiwang". 17. ____________ The family circumstances of Clinton’s childhood years were very unfortunate. Clinton’s own father died in a traffic accident 3 months before Clinton was born. His stepfather, Roger Clinton, was a habitual drunkard, which caused discord in the family. 18. ____________ Self-reliant, diligent and hard working, Clinton gained a good education. In the fall of 1964, he enrolled in Georgetown University in Washington D.C., and majored in international politics. After graduation, he won the famous Rhodes scholarship pursued advanced studies for 2 years in England’s Oxford University. In 1971, he entered Yale University’s law college and obtained a doctorate in law two years later. During his university days, Clinton actively participated in the students’ movement against the Vietnam War, avoided army enlistment, and took a trip to Moscow in 1970. 19. ____________ After leaving Yale, Clinton returned to his hometown in Arkansas where he began his political career. In 1974, when he was not quite 28, he formally campaigned for congress. His vivid and dramatic first attempt greatly threatened his opponents. Though defeated in his campaign, his political talent received confirmation in news and political circles, winning him the title of "child prodigy". In 1976, Clinton won the post of State Attorney General. In 1978, he succeeded in his campaign for the Governorship and at 32 became the youngest governor in the history of the state of Arkansas. In 1980, he lost to the Republicans in his campaign for re-election but two years later he staged a comeback, which won him the nickname of "undefeated kid". 20. ____________ In October 1997, when China’s president Jiang Zemin visited the US, he and president Clinton reached agreement in the setting up of a constructive, strategic partnership for the 21st century. President Clinton announced that he would move up his visit to China to the end of June in order to give a fresh stimulus to the development and improvement of Sino-US relations. A. Such an experience helped Clinton become a man who knew his own mind, had self-restrain and self-control, and was good at competition. B. He kept the Governorship right up until January 1993, when he officially became the master of the White House. His first term of office expired in 1997, but he defeated republican Dole and was re-elected, and served as president. C. Clinton’s triumph signaled a shift of US political power from the older generation to the younger one, and might reflect developments of far reaching significance in today’s American politics. D. No wonder that later on Clinton’s supporters often called him "the man from the city of hope". E. President Clinton has responded by making public apologies to US citizens, who, as recently as the 1950s, were used as guinea-pigs in recent experiments involving radiation and sexually transmitted diseases. F. These experiences helped him mature early, but left him vulnerable to political controversies later, and branded him as a young liberal.
Text 3A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who have not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, in the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by come fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition tums the pains into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are people who object to fairy stories on the ground that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be caught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was. The author’s mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ().
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