Which caspase is the initiator caspase in intrinsic apoptosis?
A. Caspase-9
B. Caspase-8
Caspase-1
D. Caspase-4
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START is a point at late G1 when cells are irreversibly committed to completing DNA replication and mitosis. Cancer cells typically lose START control. Which of the following statement is wrong ?
A. Overexpression of cyclin D bypasses the requirement for growth factors, which normally induce synthesis of cyclin D
B. Loss of Rb (Retinoblastoma) protein function will cause E2F to be constitutively inactive and failure to enter S phase.
C. p16 (INK4A) is an inhibitor of G1/S-CDK complexes. If p16 function is lost, this promotes activation of G1/S-CDK complexes and entry into S phase.
D. E2F proteins are transcription factors that stimulate expression of genes whose products are required for entry and progression through S phase.
Proteins in signaling pathways use a variety of binding domains to assemble into signaling complexes. If matching the following domains with their binding targets，Which one is correct? a. PH domain 1. phosphorylated tyrosines b. PTB domain 2. proline-rich sequences c. SH2 domain 3. phosphorylated inositol phospholipids d. SH3 dom
A. a and 1
B. b and 2
C. c and 3
D. d and 3
All of the following statements describe nuclear transport are true except:
A. When Ran-GTP binds to Importin-Cargo (NLS) complex, it promotes its disassembly.
B. When Ran-GTP binds to Exportin-Cargo (NES) complex, it promotes its assembly.
C. Localization of Ran-GAP in the nucleus and Ran-GEF in the cytoplasm is necessary for unidirectional transport of cargo proteins containing an NES.
D. Ran-GTP has high affinity for cargo proteins containing either NLS or NES inside nucleus.
Asymmetry in the structure of the plasma membrane is reflected in
A. differences in the lipid composition on the inner and outler leaflets of the bilayer
B. presence of carbohydrate attached to lipid and protein on the outer surface but not the inner
C. presence of specific kinds of lipid-anchored proteins only on the cytoplasmic surface of the
D. all of the above
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