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(三) 某电气安装工程项目，业主与某电力工程公司签订了工程项目总承包合同，该工程项目的变压器采用自耦式变压器(容量为800kVA)，电动机采用三相异步电动机。 该工程项目的设计单位对变压器的采购编制了采购计划，经业主批准后，由项目经理进行采购。工程监理单位负责对变压器检验的组织工作。变压器运抵施工现场后，进行了开箱验收，经验收合格后，按吊装、吊芯检查、就位、试验、干燥的程序和要求进行安装。变压器安装完毕后，进行了绝缘油的击穿电压试验和交流耐压试验。绝缘油在试验时，温度一直保持在40℃左右，且在清洗注油后即开始加电压试验，变压器安装完成后静止5h再开始进行交流耐压试验。 三相异步电动机在检查过程中经电气试验发现质量可疑。 问题 简述三相异步电动机的工作原理。
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Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕) record for mining ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven: free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programs to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany’s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Bedim Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia. The Frannhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in______.
Something Men Do Not Like to Do Eric Brown hates shopping. "It’s just not enjoyable to me," said the 28-year-old. Chicago man who was carrying several shopping bags along the city’s main street, Michigan Avenue. "When I’m out (1) , I basically know what I want to get. I rush in. I buy it. I (2) ." Common wisdom says that guys hate to shop. You can ask generations of men. But people who study shopping say that a number of social, cultural and economic factors are now (3) this "men-hate-to-shop" notion. " (4) social class, ethnicity, age — men say they hate to shop," says Sharon Zukin, a City University of New York sociology professor. "Yet when you ask them deeper questions, it turns out that they (5) to shop. Men generally like to shop for (6) , music and hardware. But if you ask them about the shopping they do for books or music, they’ll say ’Well that’s not shopping. That’s (7) .’" In other words, what men and women call "buying things" and how they approach that task are (8) . Women will (9) through several 1,000-square-metre stores in search of the perfect party dress. Men will wander through 100 Internet sites in search of the (10) digital camcorder. Women see shopping as a social event. Men see it as a mission or a (11) to be won. "Men are frequently shopping to win," says Mary Ann McGrath, a marketing professor at Loyola University of Chicago. "They want to get the best deal. They want to get the best one, The last one and if they do that it (12) them happy." When women shop, "they’re doing it in a way where they want (13) to be very happy," says McGrath. "They’re kind of shopping for love." In fact, it is in clothing where we see a male-female (14) most clearly. Why, grumble some men, are all male clothes navy, grey, black or brown But would they wear Light green and pink "These days, many guys wear a sort of uniform", says Paco Underhill, author of Why We Bye, "It’s been hard for them to understand what it means to be fashion-conscious in a business way. It becomes much, much easier if you (15) your range of choices." grumble n. 抱怨，发牢骚 ethnicity n. 种族特点 camcorder n. 摄像放像机
(一) 其施工单位承建一项南方沿海城市的大型体育馆机电安装工程。合同工期为10个月，于2009年11月1O日开工，2010年9月10日竣工。 该工程特点是各类动力设备包括冷冻机组、水泵、集中空调机组、变配电装置等，均布置在有通风设施和排水设施的地下室。 由于南方沿海空气湿度大、昼夜温差大，夏天地下室结露严重，给焊接、电气调试、油漆、保温等作业的施工质量控制带来困难。 通风与空调系统的风管设计工作压力为1000Pa。项目部决定风管及部件在场外加工。 项目部制订的施工进度计划中，施工高峰期在6～8月，正值高温季节。根据地下室的环境条件和比赛大厅高空作业多的特点，需制订针对性施工技术措施，编制质检计划和重点部位的质量预控方案等，使工程施工顺利进行，确保工程质量。 在施工过程中，由于个别班组抢工期，在管理上出现工序质量失控，致使在试车阶段发生施工质量问题，如通风与空调系统进行单机和联动试车时，有两台风机出现震动大、噪声大，电动机端部发热等异常现象。经调查发现：风机的钢垫铁有移位和松动，电动机与风机的联轴器同轴度超差。 问题 为保证地下室管道焊接质量，针对环境条件编制质量预控方案。
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