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装载过境动物的运输工具到达口岸时，口岸检验检疫机构对装载容器外表和运送人员进行消毒。( )
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The disease, which attacks the brain and is always fatal, entered the food chain when cattle were fed the ground-up brains and spinal cords of slaughtered sheep and other animals contaminated with the disease. Fast food’’s bad effect doesn’’t end with fears of beef contamination. Critics in the U.S. also tag all those sacks of burgers and flies with helping to 【1】 another serious health problem: obesity. Currently about 44 million American adults are obese; another 6 million are 【2】 "super-obese"—more than 100 pounds overweight. The CDC found that in 1991, only 4 states had obesity 【3】 higher than 15 percent, but by last year the number had 【4】 to 31 states. In every state, obesity was increasing in all age 【5】 . And today’’s teens, the agency says, are three times more likely to be overweight than teens in the 19【10】s. Though no study has yet established a 【6】 link between fast food and obesity rates, the expansion of fast-food chains 【7】 to be accompanied by rising waves of fat. In China, the number of overweight teens 【8】 . At the same time, similar weight 【9】 occurred in Japan and Great Britain 【10】 fast-food chains expanded in those countries.
The loudest outcry (大声疾呼) about poverty seemed to come in the wealthiest country by far in the world. According to most calculations, through most of the 1945-1970 period the United States had a standard of living well above Europe’’s and many times above the world average. Yet protests about grinding poverty, hunger, and dreadful need proceed from the United States than from countries with one fortieth of their living standard. (An annual per capita income of eight dollars is typical of much of Africa and Asia and not a little of South America.) It would seem strange to these people(they were only aware of the fact) that American radicals demand a retreat from an American commitment to the far concerns of the globe so that the money thus saved can be spent raising the standard of living of underprivileged Americans. What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants all never to be satisfied though this is doubtless true, and the American suburbanite (郊区居民) deprived of his second car and his color TV suffers just as acutely as an African farmer in need of a second cow and a screen door. Rather, it suggests the extent of contemporary broach (违背) of social norms—the emancipation (解放) of the individual self. People have learned that their wants are sacred and right ought to be satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal fulfillment an intolerable insult They have greatly expended the circle of self-awareness. They no longer accept sharp limitations on individual desires in the name of the group. The amount of potential human discontent has always been infinite misery, failure, misfitting, bitterness, hatred, envy beyond telling. It has usually failed of utterance, and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help. What does the underlined word mean
用简化的方法计算期权敞口头寸时，持有期权的敞口头寸等于银行因持有期权而可能需要买入或卖出的外汇的总额。( )
Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American "settlers" on America’’s "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary. The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many people in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction—as well as the expanded market in consumer goods—allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the United States. Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter(an industrial process of manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that well unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people; the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation. When did the nonuser of urban population begin to grow noticeably
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