Question 10Michel Brenner said that science allows you to generalise. What did he mean by that?说科学让我们发现一般规律。这句话是什么意思?
A. You have to do an experiment to find a good answer to a particular question.正确回答一个问题需要实验依据。
B. Having models or theories for how the world works don’t really help you simulate an answer to a particular question—you have to conduct an experiment. 即使知道一些关于世界运作规律的模式或理论,也不能帮助你回答具体的某个问题,你需要做实验。
C. Giving a concrete context for learning what science really is.给了我们一个具体的情景来了解科学的真相。
D. You can take answers from one circumstance and apply them to another. 你可以将一种情况下得到的结论运用于其他情况。
E. Part of science is learning to question everything. 科学从某种程度上来说就是要质疑一切。
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Question 5问题5The research by Elizabeth Loftus on false memories demonstrated that:Elizabeth Loftus对错误记忆的研究表明:
A. true memories persist for longer than false memories.真实记忆比错误记忆持续的时间更长。
B. memories for the details of events can be transformed or distorted with misinformation.事件的某些细节的记忆可以被错误的信息篡改。
C. confidence or emotion are good indicators that a memory is accurate.自信或者情感能很好地证明自己的记忆是正确的。
D. false memories are more likely among uneducated people.没受过教育的人更有可能构建出错误的记忆。
E. false memories can be easily distinguished from real memories by using brain scans.使用脑部扫描后的图像可以很容易地区分错误的记忆和正确的记忆。
Question 7Bob Bjork described a set of manipulations that are collectively called "desirable difficulties." Which one of the following does not belong in this set?Bob Bjork描述了统称为“desirable difficulties(适当的挑战/困难)”的一系列操作。以下哪项不在其列?
A. Generating target material through a puzzle or other kind of active process.通过解谜题或者是其他活动进程来形成目标资料。
B. Varying the settings in which learning takes place. 变换学习环境。
C. Making the learning material less clearly organized. 使学习资料组织不明确。
D. Spacing learning sessions apart.分离间隔学习的内容。
E. Providing feedback that is incorrect. 提供错误反馈。
Question 4Matthew McGlone and Jessica Tofighbakhsh demonstrated that people judged aphorisms that rhymed (e.g., "Woes unite foes" or "A fault confessed is half redressed") as more insightful than aphorisms that did not rhyme (e.g., "Woes unite enemies" or "A fault admitted is half redressed"). What process did we discuss in Episode 5 that can explain this result?Matthew McGlone和Jessica Tofighbakhsh证明人们认为押韵的格言(如“Woes unite foes”(灾难使敌人团结)和 "A fault confessed is half redressed"(浪子回头金不换))比不押韵的格言(如 “ Woes unite enemies”或者"A fault admitted is half redressed")更深刻。我们在第五章讨论过的做法中哪一个可以解释这个结果?
A. spacing 间隔(将学习次数间隔开来,学习某内容时过段时间再学第二遍)
B. interleaving 交错(将学习内容错开)
C. entropy 熵(听讲解时理解容易,但弄明白难)
D. retrieval 检索(合上书回忆所学内容)
E. fluency 流畅性(将知识爆炸性输入而不是选择性地吸收)
Question 10Three women have been playing the lottery each week for the past 10 years: Anna, Bethany, and Catherine. Anna always plays the same numbers; Bethany picks different numbers each week; and Catherine always plays the numbers that won in the previous week. Choose the option below that best represents their relative probability of winning the lottery this week.
A. Catherine is most likely to win.
B. Anna is most likely to win.
C. Bethany is most likely to win.
D. It cannot be determined which of Anna and Bethany are more likely to win, but each is more likely to win than Catherine.
E. All have equal odds of winning.