As part of the scientific basis for the planetary boundaries framework, what dynamic behaviour is assumed to characterise Earth system processes?(Please select one answer)
All processes are assumed to follow linear relationships when influential parameters are changed
B. All processes are assumed to remain unaffected when influential parameters are changed
C. All processes are assumed to have thresholds or "tipping points"
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How have the nine planetary boundaries been chosen?(Please select one answer)
A. Results of a public consultation to define the best measures that describe the biophysical state of the Earth system
B. Outputs of complex global models and simulations that assess which measures of environmental change have shown the greatest change in the last 10,000 years
C. A multi-expert assessment of environmental processes where human-caused changes are known to have the potential to shift the Earth system into a different global state
What distinguishes planetary boundaries from earlier concepts for instance the ecological footprint or limits to growth?(Please select one answer)
A. Earlier concepts have made assumptions regarding technological development and human demand for natural resources, comparing these to the ecological state. Planetary boundaries does not.
B. The scientific quality and truly global scope of the analysis compared to earlier attempts
C. The fact that planetary boundaries has found its way into the global policy debate and the discussions of the United Nations
D. Planetary boundaries is a purely subjective set of numbers for processes that operate at the global scale independent of human actions
What are the two pieces of scientific evidence that inspired the development of planetary boundaries?(Please select one answer)
A. Pies and Cones
B. Dennis and Donella Meadows Limits to Growth + Spaceship Earth by Kenneth Boulding
C. The Gaia Hypothesis of James Lovelock + The tragedy of the Commons by Garrett Hardin
D. Evidence that we are in the Anthropocene + The recognition of global-scale tipping points
Which of the following terms have you heard before? Check all that apply. We suggest you look up any terms you are not familiar with.
Anthropocene
B. Social-ecological system
C. Planetary boundaries
D. Tragedy of the commons
E. Systems thinking
F. Sustainable Development Goals
G. Ecosystem services
H. Sustainable agriculture
I. Ecological economics
J. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
K. Resilience
L. The Great Acceleration
M. Earth system science
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