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Questions 11 -13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11 -13. In the market-oriented economic system, ______.
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确定网络计划图1的关键线路。2．如果承包商提出要求延长合同工期18天和按实际工期延长合同工期5天是否合理为什么3．监理工程师应签证延长合同工期几天为合理为什么(用网络计划图表示)4．监理工程师应签证索赔金额多少为合理为什么
Questions 11 -13 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11 -13. How does price system in the American economic system work
Passage 2 With euro hills and coins now circulating across much of Europe, the European Monetary Union is fully in place. The post-World War Ⅱ European leaders’ dream of an economically and politically unified continent is one large step closer to realization, and membership in the monetary union could easily grow to 20 or more countries from the current 12 as the larger European Union expands to the east. A fully operational European Monetary Union does not come, however, with a guarantee of success. There is one enormous problem: This union creates a single monetary policy for a group of quite different national economies that often experience divergent business-cycle patterns. As long as business-cycle conditions differ significantly among European Monetary Union countries, there is no way for the central bank’s policies to avoid creating serious problems for some members. The patterns of economic ups and downs remain far more diverse in the European Monetary Union countries, and it is not clear that this will change soon. The designers of the monetary union thought that the imposition of a single monetary policy, combined with free trade among the members, would cause cyclical conditions to converge quickly, producing a unified group of economies. A 1997 agreement also limits the power of the individual nations in the European Monetary Union to use government spending or tax cuts to ease national downturns. They can be fined if they run budget deficits of more than 3 percent of their gross domestic products. No fines have been levied yet, but the threat is there. Even if the economies of the original European Monetary Union members become more similar in their cyclical behavior, it will take far longer for the convergence to include the new member nations expected to come in within the next 10 or 15 years. The chances for consensus on the Governing Council, however thin now, will become far more distant with more members representing divergent national economies. And the larger nations, like Germany, France and Italy, might well resent the power of representatives from much smaller nations to outvote them on monetary policy. All of this does not mean that the European Monetary Union is likely to fail. But clearly the arrival of the euro as the standard currency does not guarantee the union’s success. According to Para. 1, which of the following is true
Passage 1 In a breath-taking turn of events, Asia’s economies have gone from miracle to meltdown in a matter of weeks. Many forecasters who recently predicted GDP growth of 6% in South Korea and southeast Asia for 1998 are suddenly projecting zero or even negative growth. In tine often short-sighted world of international finance, a new conventional wisdom is quickly forming: that inept policy-making is dragging down Asian economies, and that only the tough austerity medicine of the International Monetary Fund, plus a good stiff recession, will bring the region’s economies back to track. In recent years, foreign and domestic investors in East Asia got a touch of what U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has famously termed irrational exuberance. Spurred by years of high economic growth in Asia, these investors poured billions of dollars of loans into the region, financing many worthwhile investments but also an unsustainable real estate boom. This over-investment need not have caused a crisis. A healthy reaction would involve a gradual cutback in foreign lending, a gradual weakening of Asia’s overvalued currencies and gradual shift of investments from over-inflated property sectors back to longterm export-oriented projects. Most short-term booms are brought down to earth without extreme crisis, and such an adjustment was the most likely scenario until the summer in 1997. In the event, Asia experienced a financial meltdown. A gradual withdrawal of funds from Thailand suddenly became a stampede. Thailand’s government dallied in responding to the overheating long after it had become apparent, and as a result squandered Thailand’s foreign exchange reserves in a misguided attempt to defend the overvalued bat. The stampede came when foreign creditors realized that Thailand had more short-term foreign debts than the remaining short-term foreign reserves. A "rational" panic began. Each investor started to dump assets simply to get out of Thailand ahead of other investors. The chain reaction of nervous withdrawals led to a meltdown that now includes most of East Asia. Confidence has been so drained that Asia’s positive "fundamentals"--historically high rates of growth, savings and exports--are being overlooked. Economies rely on confidence, and what they most need to fear is, indeed, fear itself. What is the most appropriate title for this passage
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