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(8) 是将系统化的、规范的、可定量的方法应用于软件的开发、运行和维护的过程，它包括方法、工具和过程3个要素。ISO9000是由ISO/TCl76制定的关于 (9) 和质量保证的国际标准。CMM提供了一个框架，将软件过程改进的进化步骤组织成5个成熟度等级。除第1级外，每个等级都包含了实现该成熟度等级目标的若干 (10) 。在软件开发的各种资源中， (11) 是最重要的资源。软件的复杂性是 (12) ，它引起人员通信困难、开发费用超支、开发时间超时等问题。 （9）处填（）。
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结构化设计方法使用的图形工具是 (19) ，图中矩形表示 (20) 。如果两矩形之间有直线相连，表示它们存在 (21) 关系。 （21）处填（）。
TEXT D Decades after Marilyn Monroe’s death, there was a burst of speculation about what she might have been doing if (and it is a very big if) she had not met a premature end from an overdose in 1962, at the age of 36. The American writer Joyce Carol Oates, whose recent novel B/on& is a fictionalized version of Marilyn’s life, thinks she might have left Hollywood for a successful career in the theatre. The feminist commentator Gloria Steinem, who has also written a book about the actress, imagines her living in the country and running an animal sanctuary. I have to say that these imaginary careers, and many other things that have been suggested about Marilyn in recent years, fall into the category of rescue fantasies. The point about her life is that it went hideously and predictably wrong, with self-destruction always a more likely outcome than a revival of her acting career as an interpreter of Chekhov or an early conversion to the animal rights movement. This is not to denigrate the woman herself, whose story seems to me genuinely tragic. Hers is a dread/ul catalogue of abandonment, abuse and a desperate re-invention of .the self in terms that successfully courted fame and disaster in just about equal measure. Fragile egos often invited other people’s projections and Marilyn came to see herself, in her own words, as "some kind of mirror instead of a person". This is half-perceptive, in that what she actually became in her lifetime was a blank screen on which men could project their fantasies and anyone who wants to understand what kind of fantasies they were has only to look at Norman Mailer’s creepy biography, with its drooling images of Marilyn as a vulnerable child, incapable of saying no. What she is unlikely to have anticipated is that, four decades later, thoughtful women would look at her image and see, perversely, a reflection of themselves. Ms. Steinem has been reported as saying that she thinks Marilyn’s experiences might have pushed her into embracing the women’s movement. But Marilyn was a male-identified woman, a product of a virulently misogynist culture that was erotically stimulated by the pairing of beauty and brains -- but only as long as women did the beauty while men got to direct movies, write plays and run the country. That Marilyn played this role to perfection, then loathed it and rebelled against its limitations, hardly needs saying. The author implies at the beginning that
若s是int型变量，且s=8，则s%3+(s+1)%3表达式的值为______。
TEXT B The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative products to the marketplace. Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgment as to their competitor’s role when making marketing strategy decisions. If major competitors are changing their products, then a marketer may .want to follow suit to remain competitive. Apple Computer, Inc, has introduced two new, faster personal computers, the Mackintosh II and Mackintosh SE, in anticipation of the introduction of a new PC by IBM, one of Apple’s major competitors. Apple’s new computers are much faster and more powerful than its earlier models. The improved Mackintosh is able to run programs that previously were impossible to run on an Apple PC, including IBM-compatible programs. This compatibility feature illustrates computer manufacture’s new attitude of giving customers the features they want. Making Apple computers capable of running IBM software is Apple’s effort at making Mackintosh compatible with IBM computers and thus more popular in the office, where Apple hopes to increase sales. Users of the new Apple can also add accessories to make their machines specialize in specific uses, such as engineering and writing. The new computers represent a big improvement over past models but they also cost much more. Company officials do not think the higher price will slow down buyers who want to step up to a more powerful computer. Apple wants to stay in the high-price end of the personal computer market to finance research for even faster, more sophisticated computers. Even though Apple and IBM are major competitors, both companies realize that their competitor’s computers have certain features that their own models do not. The Apple line has always been popular for its sophisticated color graphics, whereas the IBM machines have always been favored in offices. In the future, there will probably be more compatibility between the two companies’ products, which no doubt will require that both Apple and IBM change marketing strategies. Apple hopes to increase Mackintosh sales chiefly by
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