题目内容
George Washington, born February 22, 1732 in Virginia, was a natural leader, instrumental in creating a united nation out of a conglomeration of struggling colonies and territories. The first president of the United States of America is affectionately honored as "the father of his country". Shortly after his twenty-second birthday, Washington served in the army of King George III of England and was put in command of a troop of soldiers. At this time, King George III of England dominated the thirteen colonies along the east coast and much of the surrounding territories. Colonists began to want their freedom, and live with a set of rules based on democracy, not under the rule of a faraway king. The Boston Tea Party (波士顿倾茶事件) of 1773, a colonial rebellion against taxes, helped to spark the American Revolution. Washington led and encouraged his inexperienced armies against the British forces for eight years until the colonies won their independence. Laws for the new country were written into the Constitution and the Bill of Rights (权利与自由法案). The laws called for a President, and here again George Washington was considered the natural choice. He agreed to serve his country as the first President. George Washington moved from Mount Vernon, his family home south of Alexandria, Virginia, to New York City, then the capital of the United States. The trip took a week by horse and carriage. All along the way, people waited eagerly to glimpse the Revolutionary War general and their first President. Washington was a reluctant leader. As he inspired his soldiers through two wars, he saw himself serving his country, not leading it. When he accepted two terms as president, he saw himself serving God and his country in peacetime. He turned down a third term as president, wishing only to retire to his beautiful family home, Mount Vernon. Americans celebrated Washington’’s birthday while he was still alive. They were grateful for a strong leader who had proven that democracy was a feasible way to govern the growing country. And, while he was alive, legends grew up about him. The most famous one says that he was so strong, he threw a silver dollar across the Potomac River. Some Americans argue that this is a true story. Parts of the Potomac River, they say, were extremely narrow a few hundred years ago! Why somebody believe that Washington could really throw a silver dollar across the Potomac River
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Mr. Cash wanted to buy a new apartment near the sea and ________________________ (他决定向抵押贷款人借钱).
The term "culture shock" has already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. Culture shock is the effect that immersion in a strange culture has on the unprepared visitor. Culture shock is what happens when a traveler suddenly finds himself in a place where yes may mean no, where a "fixed price" is negotiable, where to be kept waiting in an outer office is no cause for insult, where laughter may signify anger, it is what happens when the familiar psychological cues that help an individual to function in society are suddenly withdrawn and replaced by new ones that are strange or incomprehensible. The culture shock phenomenon accounts for much of the bewilderment, frustration, and disorientation that plagues Americans in their dealings with other societies. It causes a breakdown in communication, a misreading of reality, an inability to cope. Yet culture shock is relatively mild in comparison with the much more serious malady, future shock. Future shock is the dizzying disorientation brought on by the premature arrival of the future. It may well be the most important disease of tomorrow. Take an individual out of his own culture and set him down suddenly in an environment sharply different from his own culture, with a different set of cues to react to — different conceptions of time, space, work, love, religion, gender, and everything else — than cut him off from any hope of retreat to a more familiar social landscape, and the dislocation he Suffers is doubly severe. Moreover, if this new culture is itself in constant turmoil, and if— worse yet — its values are incessantly (不间断地) changing, the sense of disorientation will be still further intensified. Given few clues as to what kind of behavior is rational under the radically new circumstances, the victim may well become a hazard to himself and others. Now imagine not merely an individual but an entire society, an entire generation— including its weakest, least intelligent, and most irrational members— suddenly transported into this new world. The result is mass disorientation, future shock on a grand scale. This is the prospect that man now faces. Change is falling upon us and most people are absurdly unprepared to cope with it. The author intends to__________in writing the passage.
The term "culture shock" has already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. Culture shock is the effect that immersion in a strange culture has on the unprepared visitor. Culture shock is what happens when a traveler suddenly finds himself in a place where yes may mean no, where a "fixed price" is negotiable, where to be kept waiting in an outer office is no cause for insult, where laughter may signify anger, it is what happens when the familiar psychological cues that help an individual to function in society are suddenly withdrawn and replaced by new ones that are strange or incomprehensible. The culture shock phenomenon accounts for much of the bewilderment, frustration, and disorientation that plagues Americans in their dealings with other societies. It causes a breakdown in communication, a misreading of reality, an inability to cope. Yet culture shock is relatively mild in comparison with the much more serious malady, future shock. Future shock is the dizzying disorientation brought on by the premature arrival of the future. It may well be the most important disease of tomorrow. Take an individual out of his own culture and set him down suddenly in an environment sharply different from his own culture, with a different set of cues to react to — different conceptions of time, space, work, love, religion, gender, and everything else — than cut him off from any hope of retreat to a more familiar social landscape, and the dislocation he Suffers is doubly severe. Moreover, if this new culture is itself in constant turmoil, and if— worse yet — its values are incessantly (不间断地) changing, the sense of disorientation will be still further intensified. Given few clues as to what kind of behavior is rational under the radically new circumstances, the victim may well become a hazard to himself and others. Now imagine not merely an individual but an entire society, an entire generation— including its weakest, least intelligent, and most irrational members— suddenly transported into this new world. The result is mass disorientation, future shock on a grand scale. This is the prospect that man now faces. Change is falling upon us and most people are absurdly unprepared to cope with it. From para.3, we can infer that__________.
材料一 2005年6—8月，患者翁文辉在哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院住院67天，仅住院费就花了近140万元，并按医生要求购买了400多万元自备药物。这一年8月6日，翁文辉因抢救无效病逝。据报道，翁文辉在住院期间召集的专家会诊，一共用了将近1000万元。 患者去世后，家属发现了医药举上开有患者严重敏感的药物、患者去世两天后医院还在开化验单、一些自备药不知去向等重大疑点。面对质疑，院方负责人辩称，该医院是一所“从来不用特权去索取身外的任何利益”的“人民医院”，他们不但没有多收翁某一分钱，反而“漏收了130多万元”。 目前卫生部联合调查组对于此事的初步调查结论包括：该院内部管理十分混乱，在翁文辉的治疗过程中，存在严重的过度医疗服务、过度检查、过度用药行为。而过度医疗有两个集中表现：一是过度检查和过度依赖仪器，二是过度用药。 《第一财经日报》2005年12月8日报道，患者的儿子翁强回忆道：“我依然记得父亲生前曾跟我说的一句话，让我很内疚。他说，‘我本来是哮喘，现在怎么搞成这样’”《三联生活周刊》2005年12月8日的报道说，老人的这段医疗始于2004年底，被确诊为恶性淋巴瘤是2005年2月份的事情。材料二 据央视《东方时空》报道，继患者翁文辉在哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院花去550万元人民币治疗费一案经报道后，央视记者日前调查发现，患者诸少侠因心脏衰竭在深圳人民医院住院119天后病故，医疗费用92万元多，再加上医院推荐家属自费购买的药品费用，诸少侠住院119天的费用高达120多万元。 诸少侠的家属对此产生疑问，在仔细核对有关账单后发现：2006年1月3日的账单上显示抽取患者的动脉血是15次，静脉血是11次，也就是说一天抽了26次血。据了解，相关账单上还显示诸少侠某一天获抢救60次，其中59次成功。对此，家属翻阅当时的处方后发现，患者获抢救有17次，剩下的43次不知出自何处。 诸少侠事件发生后，医院是认了错的，承认“我们医务界就有这个弊病”，“是制度上有缺陷”，“还有医风医德上有很多不足”。材料三 两个患者，最后都不幸死了，医而无效，尤让家人对巨额的医疗开支产生狐疑；要是幸而生还，其中的许多猫腻，就有可能被掩饰过去。两个患者，一是退休的医生，一是离休的教师，家属也都是断文识字的文化人；诸少侠还曾经是深圳联合医院的院长，他的家属本身就是医生；面对这样的患者，医院都敢胡作非为，要是换成连个病名也说不清、连张药方也看不懂的患者，挥刀开宰起来恐怕就更没有顾忌。两起事件，都发生在大城市的大医院，应属管理最为规范的地方，但依然发生管理如此混乱、鲸吞如此无忌的事件，若是换了个地处偏僻、管理松散的医院，恐怕更不可想象。两个患者，都已经病入膏肓，理应得到最大的同情和体恤；结果，遭遇了几近残酷的盘剥与掠夺：诸少侠的家属，在公费之外， 自费了20多万元，翁文辉的家属，被要求自费买了400多万元的药，——号称奉行人道主义的医院，趁人之危、趁火打劫的时候，竟然如此毫无良知可言。至于两个患者所遭遇的盘剥手段，则更是到了丧心病狂的地步，仅据现已确认的资料：在诸少侠的治疗过程中，一天可以抽26次血；住院119天，可以抢救60次，而有43次家属根本不知道；血管选择性造影，文件规定的收费标准是200元，医院却可以收1400元；每小时195元的透析费用，按规定已包含透析液，医院却每次都让患者另行购买；在翁文辉的治疗过程中，67天里，竟然有1180次会诊记录；其中一天的输血记录就达94次；其中有两天的输液量则分别达到近1吨……材料四 不论是550万元医疗费，还是120万元住院费，都是极端个案。普通老百姓拿不出那么多钱，甚至也进不了ICU(重症监护病房)的门，所以自然也遇不到这样数字惊人的事。但是正如许多评论已经指出的，这两件荒唐事反映出了医院的办事逻辑：最大程度地发挥医院的信息优势和定价优势，将开药就医实践成为一种缺乏节制的牟利行为。 材料五 2005年12月7日《新民周刊》一则报道中写道：51岁的刘奇心电图呈直线而被宣布死亡。推往太平间的时候，鬼使神差动了动手指，又正巧被身边的家人发现，否则等待他的很可能就是焚化炉。后来才发现，心电图机分别连接胸口、四肢的5根导线中竟然断了4根。一位84岁的张老太也同样遭罪：心跳骤停，但血压和呼吸都显示正常。七八名医生不由分说轮番上去捶胸、打强心剂、电击，一点也不见效，后来才发现原来是粘在胸口的心脏监护仪导线松掉了。还有一位患者刚开始有点咳嗽，后来变得气喘。在几家医院做胸透都显示肺拐角有阴影，诊断为感染性肺结核或过敏性哮喘，开了很多抗菌素和哮喘药。可她吃了药后病不仅没好，痰液里还开始渐渐出现血丝，气都喘不上来，最后只得住院。做核磁共振的时候发现沿喉下去15厘米之处出现占位性病变，布满菜花状凹凸不平的东西，这符合恶性肿瘤的特征，于是医生紧急进行开刀切除。但是切下来的肿瘤经过培养后发现，里面根本没有癌细胞。原来，这位病人根本不是哮喘，而是气管吸入了异物。在大量激素的作用下，细胞变异成了“类癌”。而是不是哮喘，是一个合格医生凭经验很容易判别的。过度治疗使一些没病的有病、有病的可能病更重甚至死亡。 过度医疗已经成为典型的谋财害命。我国每年有多少人因此而死亡可以断定其人数远在矿难死亡人数之上。我国平均每天要牺牲至少15名矿工，百万吨死亡率是南非的30倍，美国的100倍。那么，因过度医疗而死亡的问题，国人是否也应该和对待矿难一样“同仇敌忾”! 材料六 大医院有“大检查”。二甲医院说， “在大医院，血常规数据的得出，是由大型的电脑设备来完成的。而我们医院，这些数据都是由我们两个医生，人工进行统计的。”而我们的一些大医院到底为病人做了多少大检查统计表明，目前我国大型医疗设备使用频繁，但经检查发现病症的只占检查人数的30%，远远低于卫生部要求的阳性率(即检查出病症的概率)达60%的标准。也就是说，至少有一半的患者做了不应该做的高价检查。大医院用“大药”。某白血病患者说“像西迪林、仙力素、马斯平、大扶康、泰能，以往是我们常用的药。这些药最便宜的60多元，最贵的300多元钱。二甲医院却很少用，医生用经常性的口腔护理代替。”二甲医院说，“为了抗真菌，我们为患者勤做口腔护理，每次只需几块钱，这比选择一瓶数百元的抗生素，要省钱得多。” 大医院有“大智慧”。白血病患儿家长要买便宜药，但药店买不到不说，药店想到厂家去帮他们买，得到的答复却是：“这药不能供给你，我们不能让你搅乱医院的药价”；“你们买也行，但我们只能以高出医院的价格供货。”药店无奈地说，“白血病患儿家长想买的药品，80%以上是厂家只给医院直供，这其中又以针剂为主。看来，他们都惟恐我们把水‘搅浑’，让药价变得透明。这个忙帮不上了，对不起。” 材料七 新华社报道，近日，拥有近2万名癌症患者会员的上海市癌症康复俱乐部进行了一项抽样调查，结果显示，自负医疗费用在3万—5万元的占21.4%，5万元以上的占21.6%。患病后家庭经济状况呈“入不敷出”的，占42.8%。另据报道，在一个二甲医院每月几千元就可以拿下的日常治疗到了三甲医院却需要7万元，相对于决定其中巨大差额的检查费，久盼的药品降价在患儿家长看来却无足轻重。(2005年12月8日《沈阳今报》)为治疗家人疾病而乞讨、卖血、卖身的悲惨故事，也时时见诸媒体。 就给定资料所反映的主要问题，用1200字左右的篇幅，自拟标题进行论述。要求中心明确，内容充实，论述深刻，有说服力。
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