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女性，76岁。胸前区及背部疼痛3个月来诊。3年前曾接受乳腺癌根治术。体格检查未见明显异常。 X线片示胸9椎体楔形变。 该患者最可能的诊断是
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三、根据以下材料。回答下列题。2008年底．我国网民数从1997年的62万增加到2.98亿，居世界第2位。其中宽带网民数达到2.7亿，手机网民数达到1.2亿。互联网普及率达到22.6%，超过全球平均水平。2008年底，我国互联网的国际出口带宽由1997年的25.4Mbps增长到640286.7Mbps，11年间增长了25207倍。2008年底，我国Ipv4地址数已从2001年底的0.2亿个增加到1.8亿个，全球排名由第9位上升到第3位；域名总数达到1682.6万个。其中国家CN域名在2007年平均每天增长2万个，2008年底已达到1357.2万个。网站数由2000年的26.5万个增长到2008年的287.8万个，年均增长34.7%。2002年，我国的网页数为1.6亿个，2008年网页数达到160.9亿个。2005年，我国电子商务交易额达到12992亿元人民币，相当于国内生产总值的7.1%。到2008年底，我国网络购物用户人数达到7400万，占网民总数的24.8%。2008年底，我国使用网络媒体的网民比例达到78.5%，使用电子邮件的网民比例达到56.8%，使用网上教育的网民比例达到16.5%。拥有博客的网民比例达到54.3%。 2008年底．我国平均每万网民拥有的国际出口带宽约是1997年的（）倍
两台接连在同一个网段上的Windows 95计算机，ping不通，原因可能是 (46) ； SNMP的设计是基于 (47) ；在Windows 95下用资源管理器查看网络邻居时，系统提示网络无法访问，错误的原因是 (48) ；对于一个使用应用代理服务型防火墙的网络而言，外部网络 (49) 。
Farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. They’re also an environmental hazard. Their manure contains phosphorus, which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and estuaries, depleting oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases.41. ______. Pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. Northern Europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio in the world (2-1 in Den- mark), but East Asia is catching up. During the 1990s, pork production doubled in Vietnam and grew by 70 percent in China— along densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. The resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves, coral reefs and sea grasses,” according to a report released in February by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.As it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. 42. ______.The Enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food proponents in a quandary: should they remain categorically opposed to genetically modified (GM) foods even at the expense of the environment 43. ______. The most significant GM applications will be ones that help alleviate the problem of agriculture, which accounts for 38 percent of the world’s landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats. GM crops that can be produced more efficiently would allow us to return land to nature.44. ______. U.S. Department of Agriculture scientist Eliot Herman has already created a less-allergenic soybean — an important crop for baby foods. Through genetic surgery, Herman turned off the soy gene responsible for 65 percent of allergic reactions. Not only was the modified soy less allergenic in tests but, as Herman explained, “the yield looks perfectly normal, plants develop and grow at a normal rate and they seem to have the same kinds of protein, oil and other good stuff in them.” Other scientists have reported promising results in shutting off allergy-causing genes in peanuts and shrimp. Should these advances be turned into products, organic soy or peanut products will be certifiably more dangerous to human health than comparable nonorganic products.45. ______. In this climate, much of the needed research isn’t being pursued. Chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic organic soy and their neurotoxin-sprayed organic apples. Worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earth — unless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.[A] Two Canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesn’t contain very much phosphorus at all. If this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. But the Enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modification — which is anathema to many Westerners.[B] In fact, although all commonly used pesticides dissipate so quickly that they pose a miniscule health risk to consumers, allergic food reactions to natural products kill hundreds of children each year. Genetically modified foods could greatly reduce this risk.[C] Canadian biologists Cecil Forsberg and John Phillips, for instance, have constructed a novel DNA molecule that, when planted in a pig embryo, imbues the Enviropig with the ability to secrete a phosphorus extracting enzyme in its saliva. The results so far are dramatic — the new pigs can extract all the phosphorus they need from grain alone, without the phosphorus supplements that farmers now use. This reduces the phosphorus content of their manure by up to 75 percent.[D] Doing away with the pig is not an option.[E] Pigs can also be modified to digest grasses and hay (as cows and sheep do), reducing the energy-intensive use of corn as pig feed. Elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach in effluents from paper mills.[F] Of course, stringent testing is needed to show that a genetic modification works and that the product is not harmful to humans. Scientists can do both of these things with techniques that allow them to examine and compare the structure and activity of every one of an animal’s genes.[G] Unfortunately, this won’t happen any time soon. Because no society has ever banned allergenic foods, conventional farmers have no incentive to plant reduced-allergy seeds. And many members of the public have been led to believe that all genetic modifications create health risks. 45
Clinical depression is a serious ailment, but almost everyone gets mildly depressed from time to time. Randolph Nesse, a psychologist and researcher in evolutionary medicine at the University of Michigan, likens the relationship between mild and clinical depression to the one between normal and chronic pain. (46)He sees both pain and low mood as warning mechanisms and thinks that, just as understanding chronic pain means first understanding normal pain, so understanding clinical depression means understanding mild depression.Dr. Nesse’s hypothesis is that, as pain stops you doing damaging physical things, so low mood stops you doing damaging mental ones — in particular, pursuing unreachable goals. Pursuing such goals is a waste of energy and resources. (47)Therefore, he argues, there is likely to be an evolved mechanism that identifies certain goals as unattainable and inhibits their pursuit — and he believes that low mood is at least part of that mechanism.It is a neat hypothesis, but is it true？A study published in this month’s issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests it might be. Carsten Wrosch from Concordia University in Montreal and Gregory Miller of the University of British Columbia studied depression in teenage girls. Their conclusion was that those who experienced mild depressive symptoms could, indeed, disengage more easily from unreachable goals. That supports Dr. Nesse’s hypothesis. (48)But the new study also found a remarkable corollary: those girls who could disengage from the unattainable proved less likely to suffer more serious depression in the long run.Mild depressive symptoms can therefore be seen as a natural part of dealing with failure in young adulthood. (49)They set in when a goal is identified as unreachable and lead to a decline in motivation, and in this period of low motivation, energy is saved and new goals can be found. If this mechanism does not function properly, though, severe depression can be the consequence.Dr. Nesse believes that persistence is a reason for the exceptional level of clinical depression in America— the country that has the highest depression rate-in the world. (50)”Persistence is part of the American way of life, ” he says. “People here are often driven to pursue overly ambitious goals, which then can lead to depression. ” He admits that this is still an unproven hypothesis, but it is one worth considering. Depression may turn out to he an inevitable price of living in a dynamic society. He sees both pain and low mood as warning mechanisms and thinks that, just as understanding chronic pain means first understanding normal pain, so understanding clinical depression means understanding mild depression.
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