题目内容

Clinical depression is a serious ailment, but almost everyone gets mildly depressed from time to time. Randolph Nesse, a psychologist and researcher in evolutionary medicine at the University of Michigan, likens the relationship between mild and clinical depression to the one between normal and chronic pain. (46)He sees both pain and low mood as warning mechanisms and thinks that, just as understanding chronic pain means first understanding normal pain, so understanding clinical depression means understanding mild depression.Dr. Nesse’s hypothesis is that, as pain stops you doing damaging physical things, so low mood stops you doing damaging mental ones — in particular, pursuing unreachable goals. Pursuing such goals is a waste of energy and resources. (47)Therefore, he argues, there is likely to be an evolved mechanism that identifies certain goals as unattainable and inhibits their pursuit — and he believes that low mood is at least part of that mechanism.It is a neat hypothesis, but is it true?A study published in this month’s issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests it might be. Carsten Wrosch from Concordia University in Montreal and Gregory Miller of the University of British Columbia studied depression in teenage girls. Their conclusion was that those who experienced mild depressive symptoms could, indeed, disengage more easily from unreachable goals. That supports Dr. Nesse’s hypothesis. (48)But the new study also found a remarkable corollary: those girls who could disengage from the unattainable proved less likely to suffer more serious depression in the long run.Mild depressive symptoms can therefore be seen as a natural part of dealing with failure in young adulthood. (49)They set in when a goal is identified as unreachable and lead to a decline in motivation, and in this period of low motivation, energy is saved and new goals can be found. If this mechanism does not function properly, though, severe depression can be the consequence.Dr. Nesse believes that persistence is a reason for the exceptional level of clinical depression in America— the country that has the highest depression rate-in the world. (50)”Persistence is part of the American way of life, ” he says. “People here are often driven to pursue overly ambitious goals, which then can lead to depression. ” He admits that this is still an unproven hypothesis, but it is one worth considering. Depression may turn out to he an inevitable price of living in a dynamic society. He sees both pain and low mood as warning mechanisms and thinks that, just as understanding chronic pain means first understanding normal pain, so understanding clinical depression means understanding mild depression.

查看答案
更多问题

男性,35岁,外伤致胫腓骨中段1/3骨折,手法复位,长腿石膏管型固定。 若该骨折为下1/3骨折,常常会出现延迟愈合或不愈合,原因为

A. 骨折段周围主要血管损伤
B. 骨折段周围主要神经损伤
C. 骨折近端血液供应完全丧失
D. 骨折远端血液供应完全丧失
E. 骨折两端血液供应差

女性,35岁。颈肩部疼痛伴左上肢放射性疼痛3个月。体格检查:颈部活动受限,颈部肌肉紧张。左牵拉试验(+)。 最可能的诊断是

A. 臂丛神经损伤
B. 脊髓型颈椎病
C. 椎动脉型颈椎病
D. 神经根型颈椎病
E. 吉兰-巴雷综合征

Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’’s emotions used to be more active than they are, and one’’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true. The other thing to be avoided is clinging tightly to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one’’s interest should be thoughtful and, if possible, kindly but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of early childhood, find this difficult. I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interest involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere mat long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interest, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them sweaters, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company. According to the passage, which of the following would the author advise old people to do

A. Try to mix with the young.
B. Avoid strong personal emotions.
C. Try to remain as active as you were when you were young.
D. Find out your own interests and try to be as actively engaged in them.

为保证电视新闻信息的广泛性和样式的多样性,应该从哪几个方面着手

答案查题题库