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某公司每年都要对企业的销售人员进行培训，主要是聘请名教授来讲授一些市场营销的理论知识。由于缺乏实际案例的讲解和员工的参与，员工普遍认为这种培训没有考虑他们的需求，既浪费时间又没有效果。另外，培训结束以后，就再没有人过问培训的事情了。 如果要对该公司的培训效果进行评估，可以采取的做法有( )。
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某食品公司工会向公司提出了签订集体合同的要求，公司表示同意。随后，工会与公司拟订了集体合同草案，工会还组织职工对集体合同草案进行了讨论。在工会与公司举行了合同签订仪式后，工会将集体合同报送了劳动行政部门。 如果该集体合同的订立符合国家规定，那么( )后生效。
Think of the ocean on a calm day. Ignoring the rise and fall of the waves, you might imagine the surface was dead flat the whole way across. You’d be wrong. Hills and valleys are as much as a feature of the sea as the land, although on a much smaller scale. These undulations have a variety of causes. Tides, currents, eddies, winds, river flow and changes in salinity and temperature push the sea level up in some places and down in others by as much as 2 meters. Ever tried swimming uphill How do we map these oceanic hills and valleys First, we need to know what the planet would look like without them. This is where the geoid (大地水准面) comes in. It is a surface where the Earth’s gravitational potential is equal and which best fits the global mean sea level. It is approximately an ellipsoid, though uneven distribution of mass within the Earth means that it can vary from this ideal by up to 150 meters. The geoid represents the shape the sea surface would be if the oceans were net moving and affected only by gravity. Thus it can be used as a reference to measure any deviations in the ocean surface height that aren’t caused by gravity—the hills and valleys, for instance, or any regional increase in sea level. So how do you measure the geoid and the ocean’s irregular topography It’s complicated. Geophysicists calculate the geoid using data on variation in gravitational acceleration from several dozen satellites. The hills and valleys of the oceans are all very interesting, but can the geoid tell us anything more significant about the state of the planet It certainly can. Knowing accurately where the geoid lies and how the Ocean surface deviates from it will help meteorologists spot changes in Ocean currents associated with climate change. The circumpolar current around Antarctic is one they are particularly interested in. It can also predict local climate variations produced by events such as El Nino, El Nino keeps warm water that would normally move westwards close to the coast of South America, deprives Southeast Asia of its monsoon rains, and increases rainfall on the west coast of the Ametlca. Since temperature changes cause changes in sea level, geoid-watchers should be able to prepare us before it strikes. Geoid can be used to measure______.
Passage One Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee (黑猩猩), the orangutan (猩猩), the gorilla (大猩猩), and the gibbon (长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree. These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food. There are some differences among the following three kinds of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weighs only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weighs up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weighs up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do. Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because ______.
Gulf Wracked By Katrina’s Latest Legacy--Disease, Poisons, Mold A month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region: contamination(污染). Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says. The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back. "I don’t think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint, "said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region. Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrina’s Polluted floodwaters. Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coil bacteria, oil and gas chemicals, and lead, as well as’ varying quantities of arsenic. The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge (淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the entire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools. "When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment," said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. "It’s in their yards and houses."Old Pollution Resurfacing Plaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita. "Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge," Subra reported. Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrina’s and Rita’s storm surges. The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana. "These water bodies have received industrial wastes for decades," she said. "This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals(石化产品)." Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills, have occurred in southern Louisiana, totaling 7.4 million gallons( 28 million liters ) of oil, most of which has been contained. Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. "The sewage treatment plants were underwater," he explained: "Between the animal waste and the human waste, you’ve got a lot of bacteria."Protection Kits Health and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs. EPA officials are directing people to its Web site (www.epa.gov) to inform themselves of the contamination risks. But most people returning to the area don’t have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group. "If you [do] read the Web site," he added, "you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it." To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit. Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles (风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards. Volunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities. The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana. "The governor is really in favor of this," Subra said. "We just have to determine how we’re going to fund them."Toxic Mold Blooms In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes. "The mold is growing everywhere--homes are just coated with it," Subra said. The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square meter), they urged. "Those [surfaces] that can’t be cleaned need to be removed," said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, where respiratory (呼吸的) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting. "We’re seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold," said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. "And mouth sores from the bad water." Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have contracted Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems. To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections. "People had open wounds and walked through floodwater with sewage in it," CDC spokesperson Von Roebuck said. "And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio."Disaster Response Care "This is a highly contaminated area," said Susan Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMA’s disaster-response medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama. Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when cleaning debris. The rudimentary (根本的) living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said. "They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning," she said. "There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten." Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses. All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But it’s too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the CDC’s Roebuck said. "We’re looking at that question," he said. "We’d like to know the answer." Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage.
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