The number of women directors appointed to corporate boards in the United States has increased dramatically, but the ratio of female to male directors remains low. Although pressure to recruit women directors, unlike that to employ women in the general work force, does not derive from legislation, it is nevertheless real. Although small companies were the first to have women directors, large corporations currently have a higher percentage of women on their boards. When the chairs of these large corporations began recruiting women to serve on boards, they initially sought women who were chief executive officers (CEOs) of large corporations. However, such women CEOs are still rare. In addition, the ideal of six CEOs (female or male) serving on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable only if every CEO serves on six boards. This raises the specter of director over commitment and the resultant dilution of contribution. Consequently, the chairs next sought women in business who had the equivalent of CEO experience. However, since it is only recently that large numbers of women have begun to rise in management, the chairs began to recruit women of high achievement outside the business world. Many such women are well known for their contributions in government, education, and the nonprofit sector. The fact that the women from these sectors who were appointed were often acquaintances of the boards’ chairs seems quite reasonable: chairs have always considered it important for directors to interact comfortably in the boardroom. Although many successful women from outside the business world are unknown to corporate leaders, these women are particularly qualified to serve on boards because of the changing nature of corporations. Today a company’s ability to be responsive to the concerns of the community and the environment can influence that company’s growth and survival. Women are uniquely positioned to be responsive to some of these concerns. Although conditions have changed, it should be remembered that most directors of both sexes are over fifty years old. Women of that generation were often encouraged to direct their attention toward efforts to improve the community. This fact is reflected in the career development of most of the outstandingly successful women of the generation now in their fifties, who currently serve on corporate boards: 25 percent are in education and 22 percent are in government, law, and the nonprofit sector. One organization of women directors is helping business become more responsive to the changing needs of society by raising the level of corporate awareness about social issues, such as problems with the economy, government regulation, the aging population, and the environment. This organization also serves as a resource center of information on accomplished women who are potential candidates for corporate boards. When seeking to appoint new members to a corporation’s board, the chairs traditionally looked for candidates who
A. had legal and governmental experience.
B. had experience dealing with community affairs.
C. could work easily with other members of the board.
D. were already involved in establishing policy for that corporation.
There are many types of reports. A report is simply (56) of something that has happened. The commonest are (57) We get them in newspapers, over radio and (58) television. Sometimes (59) also show us newstreel. The main purpose of a newspaper (60) provide news. If you (61) a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news. accidents, floods, fires, wars, sports, books, etc. The news (62) everything that (63) to people and their surroundings. Sometimes there are news items which are very (64) The big (65) bold words above the news items (66) headlines. Their purpose is to (67) attention so that people will buy the newspaper because they want to read (68) of the news. A news report is usually very short, (69) when it is about something very important, but it (70) a lot of information. It is also (71) in short paragraphs. The first paragraph is in (72) a summary of the news item. It gives all the necessary information: what, when, where, how, why. The other paragraphs give (73) of the subject. There may also be interviews (74) people. The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas. Often there are photographs to go (75) the news to make it more interesting.
A. concludes
B. covers
C. conclude
D. cover
There are many types of reports. A report is simply (56) of something that has happened. The commonest are (57) We get them in newspapers, over radio and (58) television. Sometimes (59) also show us newstreel. The main purpose of a newspaper (60) provide news. If you (61) a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news. accidents, floods, fires, wars, sports, books, etc. The news (62) everything that (63) to people and their surroundings. Sometimes there are news items which are very (64) The big (65) bold words above the news items (66) headlines. Their purpose is to (67) attention so that people will buy the newspaper because they want to read (68) of the news. A news report is usually very short, (69) when it is about something very important, but it (70) a lot of information. It is also (71) in short paragraphs. The first paragraph is in (72) a summary of the news item. It gives all the necessary information: what, when, where, how, why. The other paragraphs give (73) of the subject. There may also be interviews (74) people. The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas. Often there are photographs to go (75) the news to make it more interesting.
A. is called
B. is calling
C. are calling
D. are called
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (31) . As was discussed before, it was not (32) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (33) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (34) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (35) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (36) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (37) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in (38) . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, (39) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (40) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (41) its impact on the media was not immediately (42) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (43) , with display becoming sharper and storage (44) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (45) generations, with the distance between generations much (46) . It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the (47) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (48) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (49) views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed (50) "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
A. context
B. range
C. scope
D. territory