Passage two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recor ompared with their male counterparts. christopher intagliata report. As in many other fields,gender bias is widespread in the sciences. men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired.studies nigher starting also perceived as more competent than women in stem(science, technology, enging,and Mathematics) fields. and new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation,too. "Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had, "says kuheli dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at columbia university's lamont campus. "compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:'the candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly.solid praise,'but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional ot one of a kind." Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctor at positions in geoscience.they were all edited for gender and other idetifying information,so dutt and her team could assign them a scoer without knowing the gender of the student. they found that and women, th udes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes,he findings are in the ioumal nature geoscience. Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualificati Of the apsing the data in the files. but she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at apotential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation. we re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious. Its of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias. be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level "which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants()
A. they are hardly ever supported by concrete examples
B. they contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants
C. they provide objective information without exaggerat
D. they are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants
We all know there exists great void(空白)in the public educational system when it comes to(26)to STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering Mathematics),One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years.She noticed there was a real void in quality stem education at all(27)of the public educational system. she said,“I started Engineering for kids (EFK)after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to(28)my own kids in”She decided to start an after school program where children(29)in STEM-based competitions.The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state(30).she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and(31)it The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to(32)recreation centers. Today, the EFK program(33)over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015,with 25 new branches planned for 2016. the EFK website states, “Our nation is not(34)enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great(35).” 28()
A. attracted
B. career
C. championships
D. degrees
E. developing
F. enroll
G. exposure
H. feasible
I. feeding
J. graduating
K. interest
L. levels
M. local
N. operates
O. 0.participated