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Change, or the ability to (31) oneself to a changing environment is essential (32) evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: he can transfer to another place and master the problems (33) to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps (34) a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can’t adapt its trade or defense requirements to (35) world conditions faces an economic and military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. (36) must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, and movement backward, which is decay and deterioration. In a changing world, traction can be a force for good or for evil. (37) long as it offers a guide, it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step (38) and, thereby adapt themselves to (39) circumstances. But if we make an idol of tradition, it ceases to be a guide. It becomes an obstacle (40) on the path of course. Man is to accept the help which tradition can give but to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.
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The growth of population during the past few centuries is no proof that population will continue to grow straight upward toward infinity and doom. On the contrary, demographic history offers evidence that population growth has not been at all constant. According to paleo-ecologist Edward Deevey, the past million years show three momentous changes. The first, a rapid increase in population around one million B. C., followed the innovations of tool-making and tool-using. But when the new power from the use of tools had been exploited, the rate of world population growth fell and became almost stable. The next rapid jump in population started perhaps 10,000 years ago, when men began to keep herds, plow and plant the earth. Once again when initial productivity gains had been absorbed, the rate of population growth abated. These two episodes suggest that the third great change, the present rapid growth, which began in the West between 250 and 350 years ago, may also slow down when, or if technology begins to yield fewer innovations. Of course, the current knowledge revolution may continue without foreseeable end. Either way contrary to popular belief in constant geometric growth--population can be expected in the long nm to adjust to productivity. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
Change, or the ability to (31) oneself to a changing environment is essential (32) evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: he can transfer to another place and master the problems (33) to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps (34) a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can’t adapt its trade or defense requirements to (35) world conditions faces an economic and military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. (36) must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, and movement backward, which is decay and deterioration. In a changing world, traction can be a force for good or for evil. (37) long as it offers a guide, it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step (38) and, thereby adapt themselves to (39) circumstances. But if we make an idol of tradition, it ceases to be a guide. It becomes an obstacle (40) on the path of course. Man is to accept the help which tradition can give but to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.
Watercolor is the oldest painting medium known. It dates back to the early cave dwellers who discovered they could add lifelike qualities to drawings of animals and other figures on the walls of caves by mixing the natural colors found in the earth with water. Fresco, one of the greatest of all art forms, is done with watercolor. It is created by mixing pigments and water and applying these to wet plaster. Of the thousands of people who stand under Michlangelo’s heroic ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, very few are aware that they are looking at perhaps the greatest watercolor painting in the world. The invention of oil painting by the Flemish masters in the fifteenth century led to a decline in fresco painting, and for the next several centuries watercolor was used mainly as a medium for doing preliminary sketches or as a tool for study. It was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that English painters reinstated watercolor as a serious art form. The English have a notorious love for the outdoors and also a great fondness for small, intimate pictures. The subdued tones of watercolor had a remarkably strong appeal for them. What is the main theme of the passage
Harvard University is the oldest institute of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of Pilgrims at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18 000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2 000 faculties. Harvard has produced six presidents of the United States and 34 Nobel winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing (流行的，盛行的；占优势的) Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university never formally belonged to a specific religious group.Under President Pusey, Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was 82.5 million dollars program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened students aid. created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physical facilities.Nell L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university’s schools and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard’s main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the importance of the university’s excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard’s door open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage. What was the role of religion at Harvard University during its early years（）
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