Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1)_____ the mm of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (2)_____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3)_____, or by whom. But it began to be (4)_____ in the early 1890s. Jazz is America"s contribution to (5)_____ music. In contrast to classical music, which (6)_____ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, (7)_____ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people: In the 1920s jazz (8)_____ like America. And (9)_____ it does today. The (10)_____ of this music are as interesting as the music (11)_____. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12)_____.They were brought to the Southern states (13)_____ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)_____ When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15)_____ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band, often accompanied the (16)_____ On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17)_____ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18)_____, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19)_____ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20)_____ at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
A. so
B. as
C. either
D. neither
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Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1)_____ the mm of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (2)_____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3)_____, or by whom. But it began to be (4)_____ in the early 1890s. Jazz is America"s contribution to (5)_____ music. In contrast to classical music, which (6)_____ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, (7)_____ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people: In the 1920s jazz (8)_____ like America. And (9)_____ it does today. The (10)_____ of this music are as interesting as the music (11)_____. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12)_____.They were brought to the Southern states (13)_____ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)_____ When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15)_____ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band, often accompanied the (16)_____ On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (17)_____ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18)_____, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19)_____ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20)_____ at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.
A. forms
B. follows
C. approaches
D. introduces
If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century, would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years. Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place, we have to examine the greater part of Europe"s 3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place, the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still. In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it. The tenant of the large estates is to______
A. leave their land and settle in the town
B. treat their tenants badly
C. write down information about their lands
D. work on the land by themselves
If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century, would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years. Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place, we have to examine the greater part of Europe"s 3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place, the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still. In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it. It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period under consideration, partly because the inhabitants______
A. often did not fit the conformity of their society
B. sometimes changed their system of life
C. move around too much for us to study properly
D. left no documents
"There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Lary Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents. "There is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allasn Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months. Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs. Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. His mother agreed, "It"s ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home." But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times—and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends" houses." Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying, some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially. According to the text what is the best for both parents and children______
A. They should adjust themselves to sharing the family expenses
B. Children should leave their parents when they are grown up
C. Adult children should visit their parents from time to time
D. Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble