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Once you have responded to each question below and doubled checked your answers, click the "Final Check" button at the bottom of the page and 'Show answers' to find out if your answers are correct. You can also click "Save" to save your responses without submitting them for a grade. This allows you to stop working on a problem and come back to it later.一旦你已经回答了下列所有问题并反复检查了你的答案，请点击页面下方的“最终提交”以及“显示解答”以确认答案是否正确。你也可以点击“保存”来保存已填答案而不提交得到分数。这样你就可以暂停，稍后再答。注：post hoc ergo propter hoc后事伴前事而来：大多数人都相信只要一件事物伴随著另一件事物而来，两件事物之间必然存在著一种关联，使得后者伴随前者出现（post hoc ergo propter hoc—它在那之后而来，故必然是从此而来）Question 1A subscription-based website offers a variety of brain training exercises to improve your "cognitive fitness" and help you "feel a little brighter." The website features photos of neuroscientists in lab coats from "top universities." Which of the following phenomena did we discuss in this episode that might make you sceptical of these specific claims?一个注册制的网站提供一系列改善“认知健康度”，能帮助你“感觉更聪明”的大脑培训练习。这个网站挂着一些“顶尖大学”的神经学家穿着实验服的照片。以下哪种我们本课讨论过的现象可能会使你对这些特别的展示持怀疑态度？

A. Variable windows of time and the confirmation bias.时间的多重窗口和确认偏误
B. Coincidence and hindsight.巧合和后见之明
C. One-sided events and regression to the mean.片面事件和趋均数回归
D. Base rates and post hoc ergo propter hoc.基本概率和后事伴前事而来
E. Multiple endpoints and an appeal to authority.多重端点和权威吸引力

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Question 10According to Lee Ross and Richard Nisbett, why do people tend to focus on character traits instead of situational factors?

A. Because in our culture, we don't look kindly on people who are in the same situations.
B. It's much easier to invoke dispositions to explain our own behavior because we pay close attention to ourselves rather than others.
C. We don't have the language for what we normally think of as personally traits.
D. It's hard for us to put ourselves in the shoes of others because we don't even know they're wearing shoes.
E. We selectively attend to what people are doing or saying rather than the context and we don’t have many labels for situations that prompt certain behaviours.

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Question 9In this episode, we described a channel factor as an aspect of the situation that bridges between an intention and action and has a major impact on behavior. In Milgram's obedience study, a channel factor was the "gradual escalation" of shocks. In the Good Samaritan study, "time to help" was critical. Which of the following aspects is a channel factor that we described in the case of organ donation?

A. Create a public service announcement informing viewers of organ shortages.
B. Adopt a system where anyone who does not refuse to donate their organs becomes a donor by default.
C. Explain the benefits of becoming a donor along with personal anecdotes.
Draw a map explaining exactly how to get to the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Educate individuals about organ donor statistics.

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Question 8According to the Hartshorne and May study, how strong was the actual relationship between cheating in one circumstance (e.g., the number of times they ran around a track) and cheating in another (e.g., cheating at solving a puzzle) on a scale from 1 to 100?

A. 15
B. 30
C. 45
D. 60
E. 75

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Question 7Hartshorne and May measured honesty among about 8,000 kids across a variety of tasks where they had the opportunity to cheat: solving puzzles, athletic tasks, arithmetic problems, grading their own papers, and so on. When asked about the strength of the relationship between cheating in one circumstance (e.g., the number of times they ran around a track) and cheating in another (e.g., cheating at solving a puzzle), how strong do people generally rate this relationship on a scale from 1 to 100?

A. 15
B. 30
C. 45
D. 60
E. 75

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