During the crystallization of a polymer, randomly oriented molecules in the liquid phase transform into chain-______ crystallites that have ordered and aligned molecular structures.
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The melting of crystalline regions of a polymer corresponds to the transformation of a solid material having an ______ structure of aligned molecular chains into a viscous liquid in which the structure is highly random.
The glass transition occurs in ______ regions of polymers.
Upon cooling, this phenomenon corresponds to the gradual transformation from a liquid into a rubbery material, and finally into a rigid solid. With decreasing temperature there is a reduction in the ______ of large segments of molecular chains.
The magnitudes of Tm and Tg increase with increasing chain stiffness; stiffness is enhanced by the presence of chain double bonds and side ______ that are either bulky or polar.