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毒物引起慢性中毒的主要原因是剂量。( )
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By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million (1) of these nations loved (2) to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence (3) the ideals of representative government, careers (4) to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the (5) to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. (6) there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a (7) set of laws.On the issue of (8) of religion and the position of the church, (9) , there was less agreement (10) the leadership Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one (11) by the Spanish crown. (12) most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism (13) the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the (14) of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying (15) for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had (16) in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s (17) colonies. Early premise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much (18) because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies (19) Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was (20) self-rule and democracy. Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.2（）
阅读下面一段文字。完成37～40题。当前，海洋的污染正在日趋加剧，其中海洋的石油污染尤为严重。这是由于石油在工业化中的重要作用，以及全球石油分布的严重不均衡性，使石油的运输显得格外重要。由于大型油轮的营运成本较低，而经济效益却很高，因此，在现代技术所能达到的范围内，建造的油轮吨位越来越大，往往在20万吨以上。目前，世界所需石油的2/3经海路运输，经常运行在航道上的油轮大约有7000艘之多。大型油轮失事以后，其中的原油部分或全部流人海洋中，从而造成严重的海洋石油污染。此外，近海采油平台及输油管的石油泄漏事故，也是造成海洋石油污染的重要原因。这些海洋石油污染给海洋生态带来严重危害。石油溢出后，使污染区内的甲壳类和鱼类迅速死亡，海鸟也难以幸免。因为原油能损害羽毛的功能，使海鸟体温降低，其游泳和飞翔能力降低，最后冻饿而死。据统计，每年死于石油污染的海鸟多达数十万只，而甲壳类和鱼类根本无法统计。不透明的油膜降低了光的通透性，使受污染海域藻类的光合作用受到严重影响，其结果一方面使海洋产氧量减少；另一方面，藻类生长不良也影响和制约了海洋动物的生长和繁殖，从而对整个海洋生态系统发生影响。海面浮油内的一些有毒物质会进入海洋生物的食物链，据分析，污染海域的鱼虾及甲壳类致癌物浓度明显增高。海面浮油还可萃取分散于海水中的氯烃，如DDT、毒杀芬等农药和聚氯联苯等，并把这些毒物浓集到海水表层，对浮游生物、甲壳类动物和晚上浮上海面活动的鱼苗产生有害影响，甚至直接触杀。石油一旦泄漏而流人海洋后应及时采取的措施，目前主要仍是采用围栏将海洋表面的泄油围住，以避免再进一步大面积的扩展，然后要尽快地用清污船将石油收集起来。进入海洋的石油，一部分可直接挥发而进入空气；一部分受紫外线作用可发生光极慢地化学分解，而绝大部分石油污染都要依靠微生物的降解作用来净化。能降解石油的微生物种类很多，目前已经知道细菌、放线菌、真菌中有70个属，约200多个种能氧化降解石油。在近海、海湾等处，因海水中含有丰富的N、P等营养物质，石油降解菌的数量较多，石油流入此海域后，较容易被氧化分解掉。然而，由于外洋海水中N、P等营养物质的缺乏，石油降解菌的增殖受到制约，那里的石油降解菌很少，一旦污染，很不容易很快消除。 根据原文所提供的信息，以下推断不正确的一项是（）。
阅读短文，完成32～36题。喜马拉雅山是目前地球上最高的山脉。其顶峰珠穆朗玛峰高达8848米，堪称世界之最。近半个世纪以来，地质学家对喜马拉雅山进行了研究，特别是近20年来世界各国学者纷纷对青藏高原进行实地勘测，弄清了喜马拉雅山脉的来龙去脉。科学家们从喜马拉雅山的原层海相沉积层中找到了鱼龙、三叶虫、珊瑚、海藻等古海洋生物的化石标本，从而证明：早在4000～5000万年前，喜马拉雅山脉所处地区是一片湛蓝的大海。众所周知，地球最上层约不到100公里的厚度是一层带有弹性的坚硬岩石，叫做岩石层，岩石层可以发生脆性断裂，形成为数不多的板块，板块之间可以作相对运动。根据板块大地构造假说，科学家们将全球岩石分为6个大板块，即欧亚板块、美洲板块、非洲板块、太平洋板块、印澳板块和南极板块。喜马拉雅山脉的形成就是由于欧亚板块和印澳板块的互相碰撞，使得沉积在海中的巨厚沉积岩褶曲隆起所致。这样古海便渐渐消失，代之以高耸入云的山脉。科学家们经过测量，发现印澳板块至今仍在向北漂移，致使喜马拉雅山脉继续不断升高。近万年来，喜马拉雅山脉升高了500米，即以每年5厘米的速度在上升。一些地质学家认为，地球上的山脉是不会超过万米的。他们曾用生活中的一个例子作解释。（）①我们用雪白细嫩的豆腐来“叠罗汉”，（）①不需叠上几层，最底层的豆腐必将由于承受不了其上的压力而最终“垮台”。这个例子同样适用于山脉的升高。因为山脉的升高也像是“叠罗汉”，只不过是用泥土、岩石在不断堆积而已。在山体不断抬升之际，山底所承受的压力也是相应增大，一旦达到极限，偌大的山体就会像豆腐那样散架崩塌。经过推算，科学家们认为这个极限负荷是当山脉上升到10000米时的负荷。这一假说同样证明了地球上至今没有万米高山的原因。然而，喜马拉雅山脉还在不断上升，（）②上升速度仍保持每年5厘米不变，（）②不用25000年，高度将超过万米。到那时，喜马拉雅山脉是散架崩塌，还是继续高耸地球上，可以说至今还是一个谜。 文中①～②处少了两对关联词，应填人的关联词是（）。
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual euuinment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more eontinental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a iournalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the Journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own Judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system. But the idea that the Journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media
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