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Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Antarctica is a very large area of the earth’s surface, but--until recent years--was the least studied.More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In all thisbarrenness and cold, what is there of valueFirst, Antarctica is bound to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents.Coal--much of it of poor quality--has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountainsystem known as the Great Antarctica Horst. A writer has found a small deposit of manganese oreand rock specimens flecked with uranium or stained green by copper. These finds are importantonly as indications that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematic effort hasbegun under SCAR (the Special Committee on Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth ofthe International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened from geophysics toinclude mapping and biology.of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; theRussians are reported to be carrying in live herring to be dumped overboard in an attempt at sea"farming."But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of researchfrom the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny at a biologicallaboratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues to certain viruses are being sought in the study ofepidemics among the utterly isolated members of scientific parties.As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South Pole for certain kindsof observation. Here is a firmly fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes that cover the North Pole;from it all directions are north, and during the six months of darkness the stars circle around a pointdirectly overhead. The United States established an observatory there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and hasmaintained it ever since.Now it is an ideal space tracking station. Any vehicle on a mission in the southern half of theheavens remains continuously "visible" to an antenna at the pole. Such a station is also able to playa unique role in interrogating earth satellites in orbit over both poles.Such satellites---maintaining their steady sweeps as the earth revolves beneath them---cover nilparts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observation, communications and other tasks. TheSouth Pole would be the chock point on each circuit, snatching the data from space, processingthem in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world.On all these counts, the scientists justify their voyages to Antarctica and the vast sums needed.But essentially their argument is a simple one. The great continent to the south is still largelyunknown. In the quest for fundamental knowledge, which is the heart and soul of all science, itcannot be ignored. To a scientist the main reason for exploring the Antarctic is
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Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:I don’t know how I became a writer, but I think it was of a certain force in me that I had to write.And that force finally burst through and found a channel. My people were of the working class. Myfather, a stone-cutter, was a man with a great respect for literature. He had a tremendous memory,and he loved poetry. The poetry that he loved best was naturally of the rhetorical kind. Neverthelessit was good poetry--Hamlet’s soliloquy, Macbeth, Mark Antony’s "Funeral Oration", Grey’s "Elegy",and all the rest of it. I heard it all as a child; I memorized and learned it all.He sent me to the state university.The desire to write, which had been strong during all my days in high school, grew stronger still.I was editor of the college paper, the college magazine, etc., and in my last year or two I was amember of a course in playwriting which had just been established. I wrote several little one actplays, still thinking I would become a lawyer or a newspaper man, never daring to believe I couldseriously become a writer. Then I went to Harvard, wrote some more plays, starting to think that Ihad to be a playwright. After leaving Harvard, I had my plays rejected. And finally in the autumn of1926, I had a moment of literary inspiration that drove me forward to dedicate my life to writing.But I have never exactly been able to determine ail these questions like how, why, or in whatmannen Probably the force in me that had to write at last sought out its channel. I began to write myfirst book in London. I was living all alone at that time. 1 had two rooms---a bed room and a sittingroom in a little square in Chelsea in which all the houses had that familiar, smoked brick andcream-yellow-plaster look. The author believes that he became a wriler mostly because of__
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