题目内容
When three Florida boys were diagnosed as having AIDS, their barber refused to cut their hair and their house was burned down by neighbors. These reactions may be (1)_____, but other AIDS sufferers have experienced job loss, (2)_____ of insurance, and even (3)_____ by their families and friends. Social scientists use the term stigma to describe the discredit and shame that public hostility can (4)_____ a group of people. (5)_____, AIDS sufferers are often stigmatized. Where do these stigmatizing attitudes come from AIDS forces us to confront our own (6)_____ in a particularly (7)_____ way, because most of its victims are young. Some people (8)_____ feelings of vulnerability by convincing themselves that AIDS victims are not like them and (9)_____ their fate. They define AIDS (10)_____ something that can happen only to members of certain groups. Because homosexuals are already a target of (11)_____, people"s intolerance becomes (12)_____ to victims of the disease. The stigma of AIDS has created a (13)_____ for people who think they may be (14)_____ risk. Should they (15)_____ themselves tested for HIV—and risk discrimination if their test results are positive (16)_____ should they avoid being tested Many people take the (17)_____ course. Even when HIV testing is required by law, many people (18)_____ great lengths to avoid it. The tragic result is that many people who have the virus do not (19)_____ out about it, do not receive treatment, and remain (20)_____ to spread the virus to others.
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Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A naked cockspur hawthorn tree stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind. But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety. Especially 20,000 square feet of gardens. On it"s roof. As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its "urban heat islands", said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment. Heat islands dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops-soak up heat. The retention can bake a building, making it stubborn to cooling. The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below. The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that," said the city officials, "will save the city dollars on those blistering summer days." The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof. The sprawling open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multitiered bed of special soil, polystyrene, egg-carton-shaped cones and "waterproof membrane" mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain and plant life. The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches in 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of compost laid, the garden will have circular brick steppingstones winding up two hills. "The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall and get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things that we can make an impact on the quality of life", Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air. Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery dangling over terraces or sprouting from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment. Richard M. Daley, who urged the environment department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country. It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 species—wild onion and butterfly weed, sky blue aster and buffalo grass—to provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected. Which of the following statements is TRUE accorching to the text
There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment, they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician, but late one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced, not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation, but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result, and in other people does result, in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness; they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a "negative therapeutic reaction". There is no doubt that there is something in these people that sets itself against their recovery, and its approach is dreaded as though it were a danger. We are accustomed to say that the need for illness has got the upper hand in them over the desire for recovery. If we analyze this resistance in the usual way—then, even after fixation to the various forms of gain from illness, the greater part of it is still left over; and this reveals itself as the most powerful of all obstacles to recovery, more powerful than the familiar ones of narcissistic inaccessibility, a negative attitude towards the physician and clinging to the gain from illness. In the end we come to see that we are dealing with what may be called a "moral" factor, a sense of guilt, which is finding satisfaction in the illness and refuses to give up the punishment of suffering. We shall be right in regarding this disencouraging explanation as final. But as far as the patient is concerned this sense of guilt is dumb; it does not tell him he is guilty, he feels iii. This sense of guilt expresses itself only as a resistance to recovery which it is extremely difficult to overcome. It is also particularly difficult to convince the patient that this motive lies behind his continuing to be iii; he holds fast to the more obvious explanation that treatment by analysis is not the fight remedy for his case. The root cause of the resistance to recovery lies in that the patients
Television eats out our substance. Mander calls this the mediation of experience. "With TV what we see, hear, touch, smell, feel and understand about the world has been processed for us." When we "cannot distinguish with certainty the natural from the interpreted, or the artificial from the organic, then all theories of the ideal organization of life become equal." In other words, TV teaches that all lifestyles and values are equal, and that there is no clearly defined right and wrong. In Amusing Ourselves to Death, one of the best recent books on the tyranny of television, Neil Postman wonders why nobody has pointed out that television possibly oversteps the instructions in the Bible. In the 1960s and 1970s, many of the traditional standards and mores of society came under heavy assault. Indeed, they were blown apart, largely with the help of one"s own. There was an air of unreality about many details of daily life. Even important moral questions suffered distortion when they were reduced to TV images. During the Vietnam conflict, there was much graphic violence—soldiers and civilians actually dying—on screen. One scene that shocked the nation was an execution in which the victim was shot in the head with a pistol on prime-time TV. People "tuned in" to the war every night, and controversial issues about the causes, conduct, and resolution of the conflict could be summed up in these superficial broadcasts. The same phenomenon was seen again in the Gulf War. With stirring background music and sophisticated computer graphics, each network"s banner script read across the screen, "War in the Gulf," as if it were just another T,V program. War isn"t a program—it is a dirty, bloody mess. People are killed daily. Yet, television all but teaches that this carnage merely is another diversion, a form of blockbuster entertainment—the big show with all the international stars present. In the last years of his life, Malcolm Muggeridge, a pragmatic and print journalist, warned: "Form the first moment I was in the studio, I felt that it was far from being a good thing. I felt that television would ultimately be inimical to what I most appreciate, which is the expression of truth, expressing your reactions to life in words." He concluded: "I don"t think people are going to be preoccupied with ideas. I think they are going to live in a fantasy world where you don"t need any ideas. The one thing that television can"t do is express ideas. There is a danger in translating life into an image, and that is what television is doing. It is thus falsifying life. Recorder of what is going on, it is the exact opposite. It cannot convey reality nor does it even want to." According to the text, Amusing Ourselves to Death is a book
When three Florida boys were diagnosed as having AIDS, their barber refused to cut their hair and their house was burned down by neighbors. These reactions may be (1)_____, but other AIDS sufferers have experienced job loss, (2)_____ of insurance, and even (3)_____ by their families and friends. Social scientists use the term stigma to describe the discredit and shame that public hostility can (4)_____ a group of people. (5)_____, AIDS sufferers are often stigmatized. Where do these stigmatizing attitudes come from AIDS forces us to confront our own (6)_____ in a particularly (7)_____ way, because most of its victims are young. Some people (8)_____ feelings of vulnerability by convincing themselves that AIDS victims are not like them and (9)_____ their fate. They define AIDS (10)_____ something that can happen only to members of certain groups. Because homosexuals are already a target of (11)_____, people"s intolerance becomes (12)_____ to victims of the disease. The stigma of AIDS has created a (13)_____ for people who think they may be (14)_____ risk. Should they (15)_____ themselves tested for HIV—and risk discrimination if their test results are positive (16)_____ should they avoid being tested Many people take the (17)_____ course. Even when HIV testing is required by law, many people (18)_____ great lengths to avoid it. The tragic result is that many people who have the virus do not (19)_____ out about it, do not receive treatment, and remain (20)_____ to spread the virus to others.
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