题目内容

Question 10问题10The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to:代表性启发法与我们倾向于什么有关

A. judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical case.通过一个事件相似的典型案例来判断一个事件的频率和隐患
B. believe things because many other people believe the same.相信一个事物因为很多其他人都相信
C. search for or interpret information that confirms one's preconceptions.寻找能够表明一个人的先入观念的解释性信息
D. estimate the size of a category by how easily relevant instances are retrieved from memory.通过回想记忆中相关事件的难易程度来评估一个范畴的规模
E. assume that specific conditions are more likely than general ones.认为特定的情况比通常的情况更有可能。

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Question 8问题8In 1998, Brian Wansick and his colleagues set up a display in a supermarket, where they advertised a variety of soups for 79¢ a can. In one condition, they mounted a sign behind the display announcing, "Limit of 12 per person." In another condition, the sign said, "No limit per person." Their results showed that shoppers who bought soup from the display with no limit purchased an average of 3.3 cans, whereas buyers with a limit of 12 purchased an average of 7 cans.在1998年，Brian Wansick和他的同学在一个超市里做了一个展示。他们在那展示了很多种79¢每罐的汤。在一个地方，他们竖起了一个“每人仅限12罐“ 。在另外一个地方，有一个标志写着”每人无限量“。结果表明那些顾客在无限制的地方每人平均买了3.3罐，在有12罐限制的地方平均每人买了7罐。What is the name of the heuristic that best explains these results?下面哪一个启发法名字能够最好的解释这个例子？

A. confirmation 实证
B. hindsight 后见之明
C. anchoring 锚定定律
D. representativeness 代表性
E. availability 实用性

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Question 7问题7Which of the following is not an example of System 1 thinking?下面哪一个不是系统1看法的例子

A. completing the phrase "bread and…" 完成短语“面包和….”
B. understanding the words in this sentence. 理解句子里的单词
C. driving a car on an empty road. 在空旷的路上开车
D. detect hostility in someone's voice. 从一个人的语调里发现敌意
E. counting the number of vowels in this sentence. 数这个句子里的元音

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Question 6问题6In last week's conversation with Richard Nisbett, he mentioned a study about Harvard women. Which of the following did this study show?在上一周与Richard Nisbett的谈话中，他提到了一个关于哈佛女性的研究。下面哪一个是他的研究表明的？

A. People's reports about their mood demonstrated dissonance reduction. 对于哈佛女性的情绪研究报告强调了认知失调
B. There was no relationship between people's reports about their mood and the actual impact of reported events on their mood. 哈佛女性对自己情绪的报告与对于他们情绪有真实影响的事情没有关系
C. When reporting about Jane, women failed to take immune neglect into account.当提到Jane的时候，女性们没有办法不考虑到免疫性。
D. There is a one to one correlation between what people think makes them happy and what actually makes them happy.人们认为使他们快乐的因素和实际使他们快乐的因素间有一个一一对应的关系。
E. Women who reported having a good sex life had better psychological immune systems.有着良好性生活的女性往往又着一个更好的身体免疫系统。

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Question 5问题5In Episode 4, we described how the world is complex and ambiguous: we often don't have enough information to make an informed decision, feedback is often terrible, and even if we could calculate an answer, we don't have time. But despite all of this, we still have to make decisions.在第4章，我们已经描述了这个世界是怎样的复杂与模糊，很多时候我们没有足够的信息来做出一个充分的决定，而且结果往往很糟糕。就算我们可以计算出一个答案，我们却没有足够的时间。但是放开这些不谈，我们仍然需要作出决定。What do we have to rely on to help navigate this complexity and ambiguity?我们必须依赖什么来帮助我们解决这些复杂与模棱两可的东西？

A. predictions 预测
B. skepticism 怀疑
C. heuristics 启发法
D. rationality 合理的行动
E. recognition 赞誉

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