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TEXT B Why do adults believe that alcoholic awareness programs teach young people not to over-drink Recently, reading an article about the alcohol-induced deaths of two students from two different universalities in Colorado, I came across a theme on teen drinking applicable to parents, school administration, and local government: they just don’t get it. To use a pun by New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, who changes WMD to PMD (people of mass destruction), I call much of the adult generation PMNs--people of mass naivete I say this because adults seem to believe that no child of theirs would touch alcohol before 21. Since that’s unrealistic, the issue should be: how can kids learn to drink responsibly The answer: by practising. Like figuring out how to throw a baseball, a person needs to learn by trial and error. Now, I am not proposing that under-age kids should have access to alcohol at all times, but they will never known when they have reached their limit without drinking alcohol first. Trust me, we feel when we have surpassed our limit. It has often been stressed to my generation that there should always be a designated driver who does not drink. But, realistically, when people go to a bar, are they not supposed to drink My friend, a willing designated driver, was asked by a friend on the bar why he did not have a drink in his hand. He responded, "I am driving." She then repeated her question while laughing. In other words, college students face intense pressure to drink when they are out socially, even though some manage to withstand it. The solution I propose is two-fold. First, to parents: ff you have children in high school, understand that your kids will drink at parties. Despite the legal drinking age, they will find a way to obtain beer or liquor. While you are home drinking this holiday season, have a drink with your kids and their friends, or at the very least, allow the to have a drink. Ensure they are safe, but also guarantee that they know what they are doing. Please introduce them to alcohol before they go off to college so that, on the first weekend, they don’t drink themselves into the ER. They do this not because they want to drink to get drunk, but because they do not know any better. Second, to lawmakers: How are teenagers supposed to learn to drink responsibly when they cannot even drink legally with their parents Having a drink with your parents at a restaurant is a much more adult experience than drinking with them at home. The truth of the matter is that almost all under-age drinking is done outside the home, in social circles. So lawmakers should make an exception and allow teenagers, who are one or two years under the drinking age and accompanied by their parents, to have a drink at a restaurant. Most of us live in an environment that is geared toward drinking and overdrinking, and adults must face this truth. If they do not wake up and see reality, their kids one morning might not wake up from a night of drinking. Which one can be the best title of the passage

A. How to Practise Drinking
B. Don’t Drink Beyond Your Limit
C. My Personal Opinion on Alcohol Drinking
D. Teaching Kids to Drink Responsibly

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TEXT B Why do adults believe that alcoholic awareness programs teach young people not to over-drink Recently, reading an article about the alcohol-induced deaths of two students from two different universalities in Colorado, I came across a theme on teen drinking applicable to parents, school administration, and local government: they just don’t get it. To use a pun by New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, who changes WMD to PMD (people of mass destruction), I call much of the adult generation PMNs--people of mass naivete I say this because adults seem to believe that no child of theirs would touch alcohol before 21. Since that’s unrealistic, the issue should be: how can kids learn to drink responsibly The answer: by practising. Like figuring out how to throw a baseball, a person needs to learn by trial and error. Now, I am not proposing that under-age kids should have access to alcohol at all times, but they will never known when they have reached their limit without drinking alcohol first. Trust me, we feel when we have surpassed our limit. It has often been stressed to my generation that there should always be a designated driver who does not drink. But, realistically, when people go to a bar, are they not supposed to drink My friend, a willing designated driver, was asked by a friend on the bar why he did not have a drink in his hand. He responded, "I am driving." She then repeated her question while laughing. In other words, college students face intense pressure to drink when they are out socially, even though some manage to withstand it. The solution I propose is two-fold. First, to parents: ff you have children in high school, understand that your kids will drink at parties. Despite the legal drinking age, they will find a way to obtain beer or liquor. While you are home drinking this holiday season, have a drink with your kids and their friends, or at the very least, allow the to have a drink. Ensure they are safe, but also guarantee that they know what they are doing. Please introduce them to alcohol before they go off to college so that, on the first weekend, they don’t drink themselves into the ER. They do this not because they want to drink to get drunk, but because they do not know any better. Second, to lawmakers: How are teenagers supposed to learn to drink responsibly when they cannot even drink legally with their parents Having a drink with your parents at a restaurant is a much more adult experience than drinking with them at home. The truth of the matter is that almost all under-age drinking is done outside the home, in social circles. So lawmakers should make an exception and allow teenagers, who are one or two years under the drinking age and accompanied by their parents, to have a drink at a restaurant. Most of us live in an environment that is geared toward drinking and overdrinking, and adults must face this truth. If they do not wake up and see reality, their kids one morning might not wake up from a night of drinking. Who will be the most possible readers of this passage

A. Parents.
B. Lawmakers and officials.
C. Educators and supervisors.
D. Under-age kids.

TEXT D Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their, traffic woes, some rapidly growing US cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program. The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio-communication, ramp metering variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic. Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in ’which a-14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a "smart corridor," is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic; while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours. Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem. "Electronics on the highway, addresses just one aspects of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently," explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute. "It does not deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that cannot be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message. They start thinking ’yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but that’s been solved now because we have advanced high-tech system in place." Larson agrees and adds, "Smart highway is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems. It is not the solution itself, just pan of package. There are different strategies." Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car-pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway. It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change and a long way to go. According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, ______.

A. rapid mass transit system must be introduced
B. overall strategies must be experimented
C. a fundamental shift of notions must be taken
D. a better understanding of the root of traffic problems must be reached

In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT A One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in North America enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some stay over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources. As Americans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much different. In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources require that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the world. It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. The writer warns Americans that ______.

A. their excessive consumption has caused world resource exhaustion
B. they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more material goods
C. their unfair share of the world’s resources should give way to proper division among countries
D. they have to discard their cars for lack of fossil fuel in the world

Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news. An extra ______ tax will be put on American exports.

A. 3 percent
B. 4 percent
C. 5 percent
D. 6 percent

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