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An English-schoolboy would only ask his friend: "Wassa time, then" To his teacher he would be much more likely to speak in a more standardized accent and ask: "Excuse me, sir, may I have the correct time please" People are generally aware that the phrases and expressions they use are different from those of earlier generations; but they concede less that their own behavior also varies according to the situation in which they find themselves. Not only this, but in many cases, the way someone speak affects the response of the person to whom he is speaking in such a way that "modeling" is seen to occur. This is what Michael Argyle has called "response matching". Several studies have shown that the more one reveals about oneself in ordinary conversation, and the more intimate these details are, the more personal secrets the other person will let out. Response matching has, in fact, been noted between two speakers in a number of ways, including how long someone speaks, the length of pauses, speech rate and voice loudness. The correspondence between the length of reporters’ questions when interviewing President Bush, and the length of his replies has been shown to increase over the duration of his 2005-2007 news conferences. Argyle says this process may be one of imitation. Two American researchers, Jaffe and Feldstein, prefer to think of it as the speaker’s need for balance. Neither of these explanations seems particularly convincing. It may be that response matching can be more profitably considered as an unconscious reflection of speakers’ needs for social integration with one another. This process of modeling the other person’s speech in a conversation could also be termed speech convergence (聚合). It may only be one aspect of a much wider speech change. In other situations, speech divergence (分离) may occur when certain factors encourage a person to modify his speech away from the individual he is dealing with. For example, a retried general’s wife, renowned for her continuous snobbishness (势利), may return her vehicle to the local garage because of inadequate servicing, voicing her complaint in elaborately phrased, yet mechanically unsophisticated language, with a high soft-pitched voice. These superior airs and graces may simply make the mechanic reply with a flourish of almost incomprehensible technical terms, and in a louder, more deeply lowered voice than he would have used with a less angry customer. The example of the English schoolboy was used to show that ______.

A. English schoolboys respect teachers more than they respect their friends
B. young people have different ways to ask time from the previous generations
C. younger generations vary their speeches more than the previous generations
D. even the same person will speak in different ways in different contexts

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Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A. The size of the daily newspaper.
B. The staff of the daily newspaper.
C. The circulation of the daily newspaper.
D. The advertisements in the daily newspaper.

Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A. One course.
B. Two courses.
C. Three courses.
D. More than three courses.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A. The whole paper.
B. The parts that interest her.
C. The news section only.
D. The business section only.

Children have been said to have brain-injured child syndrome, hyperactive (极度活跃的) child syndrome and attention-deficit disorder (ADD). As early as the 1940’s, psychiatrists have (67) children with hyperactivity and extremely distracted and impulsive (冲动的). These frequent name changes show how (68) researchers are about the causes (69) the problem and the diagnostic criteria for the disorders. In the past several years, the people who (70) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have (71) to clarify the disorder’s causes and (72) , and have reasons to believe that it may be genetic. Today’s view (73) this disorder is very different from the beliefs of just a few years ago. Researchers are finding that ADHD is not a disorder of just attention, but is from a developmental (74) in the brain’s circuitry and self-control. The loss of self-control (75) other important brain functions mandatory for maintaining (76) . ADHD involves two sets of symptoms: inattention and a (77) of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. Most children are more active and distractive than adults are. Children are more inconsistent, affected by brief actions. The younger the child, the less (78) they are. This behavior is a (79) of a problem when it is displayed more in them than in their (80) . Boys are at least three times more (81) than girls to have ADHD. Studies have found that ADHD in boys outnumbers girls 9 to 1, this is because boys are genetically likely to (82) disorders in the nervous system. These behaviors generally (83) between the ages of 3 and 5. (84) , some children don’t start to develop the disorder until (85) childhood or early adolescence. Researchers are unable to find the reasons for this (86) .

A. skeptical
B. practical
C. careless
D. uncertain

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