The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument
A. The brain of a person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia.
B. The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.
C. The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the brain of a person who is not a twin.
D. When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size.
E. People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.
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Census data for Prenland show that unmarried Prenlandic men in their thirties outnumber unmarried Prenlandic women in that age group by about ten to one. Most of these men do wish to marry. Clearly, however, unless many of them marry women who are not Prenlandic, all but a minority will remain unmarried. The argument makes which of the following assumptions
A. Emigration from Prenland is more common among women than among men.
B. A greater proportion of Prenlandic women in their thirties than of Prenlandic men of the same age would prefer to remain unmarried.
C. It is unlikely that many of these unmarried Prenlandic men will marry women more than a few years older than themselves.
D. Prenland has a high rate of divorce.
E. Most of the unmarried Prenlandic men are unwilling to marry women who are not Prenlandic.
高血压病痰湿内盛证应首选的方剂是（）
A. 天麻钩藤饮
B. 杞菊地黄丸
C. 半夏白术天麻汤
D. 济生肾气丸
E. 血府逐瘀汤
Automobile exhaust is a serious pollution problem in Riverside, and instituting tolls at Riverside’s bridges would reduce the total number of miles traveled by automobiles. Nevertheless, overall pollution levels would not decrease because there would be long lines at the toll booths, and automobiles expel more exhaust per minute while idling than in any other driving situation. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions
Any reduction in automobile exhaust resulting from a reduction in the miles traveled by cars would be matched or surpassed by the additional exhaust resulting from toll lines.
B. Cars in Riverside spend more time, on average, idling than they do in other driving situations.
C. Increasing automobile exhaust at the bridges will not significantly affect air pollution because few drivers use the bridges in Riverside frequently.
D. Reducing automobile exhaust is not the most effective way of reducing air pollution.
E. The inconvenience of idling in the long toll lines at Riverside’s bridges wilt cause most drivers to change their driving routes, not the amount of driving that they do.
Riothamus, a fifth-century king of the Britons, was betrayed by an associate, fought bravely against the Goths but was defeated, and disappeared mysteriously. Riothamus’ activities, and only those of Riothamus, match almost exactly those attributed to King Arthur. Therefore, Riothamus must be the historical model for the legendary King Arthur. The argument above requires at least one additional premise. Which of the following could be such a required premise
A. Modern historians have documented the activities of Riothamus better than those of any other fifth-century king.
B. The stories told about King Arthur are not strictly fictitious but are based on a historical person and historical events.
C. Riothamus’ associates were the authors of the original legends about King Arthur.
D. Legends about the fifth century usually embellish and romanticize the actual conditions of the lives of fifth-century nobility.
E. Posterity usually remembers legends better than it remembers the actual historical events on which they are based.
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