Automobile exhaust is a serious pollution problem in Riverside, and instituting tolls at Riverside’s bridges would reduce the total number of miles traveled by automobiles. Nevertheless, overall pollution levels would not decrease because there would be long lines at the toll booths, and automobiles expel more exhaust per minute while idling than in any other driving situation. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions
Any reduction in automobile exhaust resulting from a reduction in the miles traveled by cars would be matched or surpassed by the additional exhaust resulting from toll lines.
B. Cars in Riverside spend more time, on average, idling than they do in other driving situations.
C. Increasing automobile exhaust at the bridges will not significantly affect air pollution because few drivers use the bridges in Riverside frequently.
D. Reducing automobile exhaust is not the most effective way of reducing air pollution.
E. The inconvenience of idling in the long toll lines at Riverside’s bridges wilt cause most drivers to change their driving routes, not the amount of driving that they do.
Riothamus, a fifth-century king of the Britons, was betrayed by an associate, fought bravely against the Goths but was defeated, and disappeared mysteriously. Riothamus’ activities, and only those of Riothamus, match almost exactly those attributed to King Arthur. Therefore, Riothamus must be the historical model for the legendary King Arthur. The argument above requires at least one additional premise. Which of the following could be such a required premise
A. Modern historians have documented the activities of Riothamus better than those of any other fifth-century king.
B. The stories told about King Arthur are not strictly fictitious but are based on a historical person and historical events.
C. Riothamus’ associates were the authors of the original legends about King Arthur.
D. Legends about the fifth century usually embellish and romanticize the actual conditions of the lives of fifth-century nobility.
E. Posterity usually remembers legends better than it remembers the actual historical events on which they are based.
Editorial: Critics of nuclear power complain about the allegedly serious harm that might result from continued operation of existing nuclear power plants. But such concerns do not justify closing these plants; after all, their operation has caused no more harm than that caused by pollution generated by coal and oilburning power plants, the most important other sources of energy. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends
A. Existing nuclear power plants should be closed only if it can be conclusively demonstrated that their continued operation is likely to cause harm more serious than the harm their operation has already caused.
B. Closing existing nuclear power plants would require greatly increased reliance on coal and oil-burning power plants.
C. The harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has been significant.
D. The harm that a nuclear power plant is likely to cause as it continues to operate can be reliably predicted from the past history of nuclear power plants.
E. The only harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has resulted from the pollution generated by these plants.
Excluding purchases by businesses, the average amount spent on a factory-new car has risen 30 percent in the last five years. In the average household budget, the proportion spent on car purchases has remained unchanged in that period. Therefore the average household budget must have increased by 30 percent over the last five years. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies
A. The average number of factory-new cars purchased per household has remained unchanged over the last five years.
B. The average amount spent per car by businesses buying factory-new cars has risen 30 percent in the last five years.
C. The proportion of the average household budget spent on all car-related expenses has remained unchanged over the last five years.
D. The proportion of the average household budget spent on food and housing has remained unchanged over the last five years.
E. The total amount spent nationwide on factory-new cars has increased by 30 percent over the last five years.
微信支付 
支付宝支付