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Passage 31 The summer holiday is the best part of the year for most children. (31) The weather is usually good, so that one can spend most of one’s time playing in the garden or, if one lives in the country, out in the woods and fields. Even if one lives in a big town, one can usually go to a park to play. The best place for a summer holiday, however, is the seaside. Some children are lucky enough to live near the sea, but for the others who do not, a week or two at one of the big seaside towns is something which they will talk about for the whole of the following year. In England, it is not only the rich who can take their children to the seaside; if a factory worker or a bus driver, a street cleaner or a waiter wants to take his wife and children to South-end or Margate, Black-pool or Cloak-town, he is usually quite able to do so. What is it that children like so much about the seaside I think it is the sand, sea and sun more than any other things. Of course, there are lots of new things to see, nice things to eat, and exciting things to do, but it is the feeling of sand under one’s feet, of salt water on one’s skin, and of the warm sun on one’s back that make the seaside what it is. Children like the seaside so much, because they can______.
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Passage 47 We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen " "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend Or did he envy my luck" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends, or our enemies Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You’re a lucky dog." That’s friendly. But "lucky dog" There is a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But mentioning the "dog" puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you ought to have your luck. "Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks Does what he says agree with the tone of voice His posture (姿态) The look in his eyes Stop and think. (47) If you spend one minute thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you, you may avoid another mistake. The author most probably is a______.
Passage 41 Three men got to the Dover Railway Station a few minutes after nine o’clock one evening. They asked a guard, "What time is the next train for London" The guard said, "You’ve just missed one. A train goes every hour. The next one is at ten o’clock." "That’s all right," they said. "We’ll go and have a drink." So off they went to a bar. A minute or two after ten o’clock they came running and asked the guard. "Has the train gone" "Yes," the guard said. "It went at ten, and I told you. The next one is at eleven o’clock." "That’s all right," they said again. "We’ll go and have another drink." So they went back to the bar. They missed the eleven o’clock train in the same way. Then the guard said, "No, the next train is the last one. If you miss that train, you won’t get to London tonight." (41) Twelve o’clock came, and the last train was just starting out when the three of them came out of the bar running as fast as they could. Two of them got on the train just as it was leaving but the third one didn’t run fast enough, and the train went out leaving him behind. He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a train was the best joke in the world. The guard went up to him and said, "I told you that this was the last train. Why didn’t you come earlier" The man kept laughing until tears came into his eyes. Then he caught hold of the guard and said, "Did you see the two men get into the train and leave me here" "Yes, I did." "Well, I was the only one to leave for London. They were here only to see me off!" The three men failed to catch the train because______.
Passage 44 For more than thirty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages, as well as messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages. Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to "listen" to signals from about 1,000 stars, all within 100 light years of the earth. In addition, they will scan the entire sky to listen for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight million channels at a time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise. Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, scientists find that five percent of the stars are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like the earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for the temperatures to be right for the evolution of life. Believing that there are the inhabitable (that can be lived in) planets in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are that one or more of these planets support some life. However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent life exists on other planets. Some believe that thirty years of searching without any intelligent messages show that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely. (44) Other scientists believe that our search hasn’t been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time some scientists think it is likely that civilizations are much more advanced than ours. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking. The underlined phrase "on the chance" in the first paragraph means
Passage 38 Animals do many useful and entertaining jobs. (38) Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind (a trained dog can learn never to cross a busy street when cars are coming, even if his master commands him to do so), protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting criminals. Horses are used in guarding herds, carrying men in lands where there are no roads, and helping farmers plow fields. Pigeons have long been used to carry message. Wild animals from the jungles, forests and seas are very popular performers in circuses and movies. People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things. The first thing a dog is taught is to obey. It should not take too long for him to learn commands. Simple orders, such as "sit, lie down, stay there, come here" can even be taught by a child. Training a dog to be a watchdog often produces unexpected results. Some dogs quickly learn the difference between unwanted people and friends. This is because their masters welcome friends and invite them into their houses. However, some dogs will always attack the postmen who come to deliver letters. One explanation for this behavior is that, although the postman comes to the house frequently, he never enters the house. Therefore, the dog thinks the postman is someone who is not wanted, but keeps coming back anyway. Masters of dogs who attack postmen can easily show the dogs that the postman is a friend and the dog does not need to treat him as an unwanted person. A dog is quite ready to do what his master wishes. And a dog is always happy when he is praised for proper understanding. Which of the following shows that training a watchdog often brings about unex-pected result
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