题目内容
Passage 38 Animals do many useful and entertaining jobs. (38) Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind (a trained dog can learn never to cross a busy street when cars are coming, even if his master commands him to do so), protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting criminals. Horses are used in guarding herds, carrying men in lands where there are no roads, and helping farmers plow fields. Pigeons have long been used to carry message. Wild animals from the jungles, forests and seas are very popular performers in circuses and movies. People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things. The first thing a dog is taught is to obey. It should not take too long for him to learn commands. Simple orders, such as "sit, lie down, stay there, come here" can even be taught by a child. Training a dog to be a watchdog often produces unexpected results. Some dogs quickly learn the difference between unwanted people and friends. This is because their masters welcome friends and invite them into their houses. However, some dogs will always attack the postmen who come to deliver letters. One explanation for this behavior is that, although the postman comes to the house frequently, he never enters the house. Therefore, the dog thinks the postman is someone who is not wanted, but keeps coming back anyway. Masters of dogs who attack postmen can easily show the dogs that the postman is a friend and the dog does not need to treat him as an unwanted person. A dog is quite ready to do what his master wishes. And a dog is always happy when he is praised for proper understanding. Which of the following shows that training a watchdog often brings about unex-pected result
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Passage 44 For more than thirty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages, as well as messages on spaceships traveling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages. Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to "listen" to signals from about 1,000 stars, all within 100 light years of the earth. In addition, they will scan the entire sky to listen for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight million channels at a time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise. Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, scientists find that five percent of the stars are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like the earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for the temperatures to be right for the evolution of life. Believing that there are the inhabitable (that can be lived in) planets in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are that one or more of these planets support some life. However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent life exists on other planets. Some believe that thirty years of searching without any intelligent messages show that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely. (44) Other scientists believe that our search hasn’t been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time some scientists think it is likely that civilizations are much more advanced than ours. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking. Some scientists think there might be more advanced civilizations on other planets because______.
Passage 34 Americans and Arabs are different in their space habits. Arabs prefer close contact.Dr. Hall has explained that the Arabs belong to a touch culture and in conversation, they always envelop the other person. They hold his hand, look into his eyes, and bathe him in their breath. Dr. Hall’s interest in man’s use of space developed in the early nineteen fifties when he was Director of the Point Four training program at the Foreign Service Institute. In talking with Americans who had lived overseas, he found that many of them had been highly uncomfortable because of cultural differences. Such discomfort is usually referred to as culture shock. The problem is that, relatively speaking, Americans live in a non-contact culture. Partly, this is a product of our puritan heritage (清教徒文化遗产). Dr. Hall points out that we spend years teaching our children not to crowd in and lean on us. (34) And in situations where we ourselves are forced to stand close to another person on crowded subways, for example, we turn our eyes away, and if actual body contact is involved, tense the muscles on the contact side. Most of us feel very strongly that this is the only proper way to behave. It is true that______.
Passage 28 In every day usage "hot" means "having a lot of heat". Many people think that "cold" is something completely separated from heat. But this is not true. "Cold" simply means "having very little heat." Your life depends on heat. In fact, every living thing depends on it. (28) Without heat, every living thing would be frozen to death. All living things get their heat from the sun, which provides the conditions in which life is possible. Since the dawn of history, man has been able to make his own heat. He has been able to release the sun’s heat that is trapped in things such as wood, coal and oil. And he has been able to use this heat. Heat has made civilization possible. With heat, man could melt metals. As man learned to use metals and fuels, industries grew. As a result, engines were invented. These are machines that change heat energy into mechanical energy. Engine can do the work of many men. Without engines industrial civilization is impossible. Yet when the first engines were built in the 17th century, men were still wondering about the nature of heat. "What is it" they asked. Not until the early years of 19th century did they find the right answer. From the sentence "he has been able to release the sun’s heat that is trapped in things such as wood, coal and oil" we know______.
Passage 38 Animals do many useful and entertaining jobs. (38) Dogs are particularly valuable in guiding the blind (a trained dog can learn never to cross a busy street when cars are coming, even if his master commands him to do so), protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting criminals. Horses are used in guarding herds, carrying men in lands where there are no roads, and helping farmers plow fields. Pigeons have long been used to carry message. Wild animals from the jungles, forests and seas are very popular performers in circuses and movies. People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things. The first thing a dog is taught is to obey. It should not take too long for him to learn commands. Simple orders, such as "sit, lie down, stay there, come here" can even be taught by a child. Training a dog to be a watchdog often produces unexpected results. Some dogs quickly learn the difference between unwanted people and friends. This is because their masters welcome friends and invite them into their houses. However, some dogs will always attack the postmen who come to deliver letters. One explanation for this behavior is that, although the postman comes to the house frequently, he never enters the house. Therefore, the dog thinks the postman is someone who is not wanted, but keeps coming back anyway. Masters of dogs who attack postmen can easily show the dogs that the postman is a friend and the dog does not need to treat him as an unwanted person. A dog is quite ready to do what his master wishes. And a dog is always happy when he is praised for proper understanding. Dogs who accompany blind people must learn______.
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