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Intelligent car door clamps up when danger’s about Accidents caused by car doors being opened into the path of oncoming vehicles or cyclists are common in cities. But these incidents could become a thing of the past, if doors that react to potential impacts catch on. The creative idea of Michael Graf at BMW and Michael Strolz’s team at the Technical University of Munich, the "haptic"-technology that gives tactile feedback-doors could cut both road injuries and repair bills, they say. The current prototype looks like a normal car door, but an extra metal bar runs through its centre and connects to the car’s frame between the hinges. In normal mode, the bar moves freely and doesn’t affect the door’s movement. However, if sensors detect a nearby obstacle at the same time as an accelerometer detects an attempt to open the door, the door’s swing is restricted by a linear motor attached to the bar. To pass on more information to the user, the amount of door resistance is in proportion to the proximity of an object-for example, you might swing a door halfway open without problems before it gets stiffer as it nears a lamp post. The current prototype uses supersonic sensors to spot dangers, but because they have a limited field of view, the next version will use cameras that can span 180°, says Strolz. "Then we will be able to sense the complete workspace of the door and detect people walking by the car or cycling towards it," he says. Reactions from 16 volunteers who tried the new door at BMW’s Munich research centre have been encouraging, the team told a recent conference on haptics in Salt Lake City, Utah. The technology is mature enough that a car factory could be pumping it out in cars within a year, says Strolz. The basic mechanism is like one already featured in some cars-for example, taxis with automatic passenger doors. However, BMW is yet to make any decision on whether to roll it out. The passage mainly talks about
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Half of world’s primates face extinction Almost 50% of the world’s 634 primate (灵长类动物) species face extinction, according to a report from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Habitat loss is a major cause, but many monkeys and apes are being hunted to extinction for food, especially in forests of south-east Asia. "It’s cheaper to go into the forest and kill a monkey than to raise a chicken," says Jean-Christophe rie, deputy head of the IUCN’s species programmeand a co—author of the report. "We’ve raised concerns for years about primates being in danger, but now we have solid data to show the situation is far more severe than we imagined," says Russell Mittermeier, president of Conservation International, which co-funded the study. The areas most at risk are in Vietnam and Cambodia, where 90% of species are being driven to extinction by demand for monkey meat and baby monkeys as pets. Most acutely affected are medium-sized monkeys such as gibbons(长臂猿), leaf monkeys and langurs, which are easy for hunters to track down and kill because of their size and the noise they make. In South America. spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys(卷尾猴)have been hit hardest. In Africa, red colobus monkeys are now critically endangered. Eleven of the 13 species assessed were listed as critically endangered or endangered. Two may already be extinct. " Among the African species, the great apes such as gorillas (大猩猩) and bonobos have always tended to grab the limelight, and even thought they’re deeply threatened, it is smaller primates such as the red colobus that could die out first," says Richard Wrangham, president of the International Primatological Society. Huge political efforts are needed now to reverse the impending losses of threatened species, says Vid. "What’s needed is national legislation to protect biodiversity, creation of protected areas with dedicated staff, crackdowns on corruption, and captive breeding programmes," he says. But it will be difficult to halt and reverse the damage done by habitat destruction and the hunters. Once habitat is gone, animals have nowhere to go. Also, killing primates rapidly depletes populations, because they have fewer young than many other mammals and take much longer to breed and raise families. What is the maj or cause that half of the primate species face extinction
Intelligent car door clamps up when danger’s about Accidents caused by car doors being opened into the path of oncoming vehicles or cyclists are common in cities. But these incidents could become a thing of the past, if doors that react to potential impacts catch on. The creative idea of Michael Graf at BMW and Michael Strolz’s team at the Technical University of Munich, the "haptic"-technology that gives tactile feedback-doors could cut both road injuries and repair bills, they say. The current prototype looks like a normal car door, but an extra metal bar runs through its centre and connects to the car’s frame between the hinges. In normal mode, the bar moves freely and doesn’t affect the door’s movement. However, if sensors detect a nearby obstacle at the same time as an accelerometer detects an attempt to open the door, the door’s swing is restricted by a linear motor attached to the bar. To pass on more information to the user, the amount of door resistance is in proportion to the proximity of an object-for example, you might swing a door halfway open without problems before it gets stiffer as it nears a lamp post. The current prototype uses supersonic sensors to spot dangers, but because they have a limited field of view, the next version will use cameras that can span 180°, says Strolz. "Then we will be able to sense the complete workspace of the door and detect people walking by the car or cycling towards it," he says. Reactions from 16 volunteers who tried the new door at BMW’s Munich research centre have been encouraging, the team told a recent conference on haptics in Salt Lake City, Utah. The technology is mature enough that a car factory could be pumping it out in cars within a year, says Strolz. The basic mechanism is like one already featured in some cars-for example, taxis with automatic passenger doors. However, BMW is yet to make any decision on whether to roll it out. What stage has the new technology reached according to Strolz
Passage 4 Some cities grow very large because of two important reasons. First, there may be important natural resources like wood, gas, oil, rivers or harbors near or in the city. Natural resources like wood or oil can be brought to the city and made into products to sell. Other resources, like rivers or harbors help to send the city’s products to other places to be sold. Second, the city may be located in a place where roads and rivers come together. This makes these cities good places to buy and sell goods. Houston is a city that grew large because it has two important natural resources. They are oil and a good harbor. The oil can be brought to Houston, made into different products, and shipped out of the harbor to other parts of the world. Chicago is a city that grew very large because of its location at a place where roads, railways, and airways meet. In Chicago, goods can be brought together from all over the country and bought and sold. Then the goods can be loaded into trucks, trains or planes and sent to wherever they are needed. Because of Chicago’s location, many people live and work there. Which resource can be brought to the city and made into products to sell
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