In Sanger method for DNA sequencing, the substrate should be four double de-oxyribonucleotide, including ddATP、ddGTP、ddCTP和ddTTP.()
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DNA replication machinery consists of a large replication complex which contains one DNA polymerase core enzyme, primase, helicase, slide clamp and assembler etc.()
DNA replication process needs DNA polymerase, which need free 3’-OH to initiate the polymerization. The free 3’-OH can come from a RNA primer, or synthetized DNA strand.()
Topoisomerase I need to break the phosphodiester bond in sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA to unwind double helix, which would consume ATP.()
The DNA replication in E.coli, yeast, virus are all initiated at a specific origin site, which consists of several short tandem repeats and they are the targets of initiator proteins.()