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Person who is invited to one’s home.
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(77) Heredity (遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color. Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too. For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are. But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get. In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get.When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan dark-ly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all. Each one has inherited a different abili-ty to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right. An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun.Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale. Sometimes they decide the opposite.Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, a skin so pale that veins (血管) were showed was considered a mark of great beauty.During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, minesand mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made theirskins pale. (78) Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel to sunny countries. They had the leisure to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth.In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable. Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sun-lamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions (涂剂) that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight. These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntan there. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents. Pills and lotions have been invented in Western Europe and North America ______.
Heredity(遗传)is not the only thing that influences our color．
Whether leaders are born or made has been a subject of intense debate almost since the beginning of time. But, with current management theory indicating that "we are all leaders now", the issue is (47) ever greater importance. In The Leadership Gene, Cyril Levicki makes a(n) (48) contribution without really coming down on one side or the other. Although he leans towards the "born" rather than "made" school, he comes up with a sort of (49) based on the premise (前提) that "leaders need to be born with a set of genetic characteristics which create the raw materials from which leadership may be (50) ." Adopting the biological terminology(术语学)that has become fashionable in the management world, he adds that "if the gene of leadership is housed within the leader at birth, the chromosomes(染色体) form the (51) of the leader’s development as a child and during the early evolution of their psyche(自我)." The gene is only the starting point, "the vital progenitor (祖先) of many ingredients that have to be in place before the creation of a(n) (52) leader is completed". Mr. Levicki, a former academic and consultant, identifies seven chromosomes — youthful energy, courageous circumspection, winning ways, balance, intuition, moral fibre and leadership itself. Mr. Levicki’s book is (53) to help more people achieve their potential, on the grounds that there are not many good leaders around. But he stresses that the "chromosomes" only reinforce the (54) that some people have that vital something, and therefore that readers should not think that just by going through all the exercises in the book they can necessarily achieve great things. He does not go so far as those who (55) they can predict with certainty how far leaders would rise in organisations but says that "you can foretell, by and (56) , that a person has or doesn’t have the ’leadership gene".A. intended I) compromiseB. large J) yetC. exerted K) fosteredD. assuming L) qualityE. notion M) personalityF. telling N) reckonG. inherited O) threadsH) courses
案例五[背景材料]某建设单位经上级主管部门批准拟新建建筑面积为3000m2的综合办公楼，经工程造价咨询部门估算该工程造价为3450万元，该工程项目决定采用施工总承包的招标方式进行招标。在招标过程中，发生如下事件。事件一：由于经资格预审合格的投标申请人过多，为了提高工作效率，招标人从中只选择了8家资格预审合格的申请人，向其发出资格预审合格通知书。事件二：招标文件申明确说明该项目的资金来源落实了2600万元。事件三：招标文件中规定，投标单位在收到招标文件后，若有问题需要澄清，只能以书面形式提出，招标单位将答复只可以书面形式送给提出问题的投标单位。事件四：招标文件中规定，从招标文件发放之日起，在15日内递交投标文件。事件五：发售招标文件的价格为编制和印刷招标文件的成本和发布招标公告的费用。[问题] 就事件二，谈谈你对这一说明的理解？
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